Grape Varieties Flashcards
name for Chenin Blanc in South Africa?
Steen
T/F Napa Cabernet Sauvignon is higher in alcohol & lower in acidity than typical Bordeaux.
true
Merlot tannin level?
medium
Syrah/Shiraz acidity level?
low to medium
carbonic maceration Gamay aromas
red cherry, strawberry, banana, red candy
pronounced style of oaked Sauvignon Blanc created in California by Robert Mondavi in the 1960s
Fume Blanc
Where do you commonly find Carmenere?
Chile
Where do you commonly find Muller-Thurgau?
Germany
What are three well-known examples of Syrah/Shiraz?
Rhone Valley, Australia, Paso Robles
ancient grape variety that has been carried to nearly every wine region of the world
Muscat
What are four top-producing countries of Riesling?
Germany, Australia, France, United States
What are five top-producing countries for Merlot?
France, United States, Spain, Italy, Chile
What are five well-known examples of Sauvignon Blanc?
Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, white Bordeaux, Fume Blanc, New Zealand
the “G” of GSM blend?
Grenache
T/F Grenache is often made into rose but never sweet fortified wines
false
Where do you commonly find Xarel-lo?
Spain
T/F Pinot Grigio has lower alcohol/body than Pinot Gris.
false
Riesling acidity level?
high to very high
should be perfect copy of parent grape, but generally used to mean grapes that are slightly different from the parent
clone
new oak aged Cabernet Sauvignon aromas?
dark chocolate, cedar, vanilla, tobacco
How can tannins be bolstered in Cabernet Sauvignon?
maturation in new oak barrels
descendant of Pinot Noir that mutated from Pinot Gris
Pinot Blanc
T/F Chardonnay does not age well.
false
Where do you commonly find Blaufrankisch?
Germany/Austria
Shiraz is known as what in southern France?
Syrah
Characteristic Chenin Blanc aromas?
green apple, melon, green plum, citrus blossoms, earth, mineral, wet wool
What is Ugni Blanc mainly used for in France?
brandy
What are three top-producing countries of Syrah/Shiraz?
France, Australia, United States
T/F Pinot Noir does not thrive and ripen in cool climates.
false
T/F Beaujolais is typically high tannin
false
T/F Cool climate Chardonnay has citrus flavors, green fruit aromas, crisp acidity, and a light to medium body.
true
What color do Grenache wines turn when they oxidize?
salmon or orange
What are five top-producing countries of Pinot Grigio/Gris?
Italy, United States, Germany, France, Australia
scientific grouping of plants or animals that are genetically similar, have broad characteristics in common, and can produce viable offspring through sexual reproduction
species
Where do you commonly find Torrontes Riojano?
Argentina
Syrah/Shiraz alcohol level?
high
characteristic aromas of Merlot?
blueberry, plum, black cherry, mint, coffee, chocolate
produces deeply colored (inky black) wines
Malbec
T/F Typically Merlot is less intense, tannin, & alcohol than Cabernet Sauvignon.
true
Why is Alicante Bouschet often used to blend?
It adds body & color intensity because it is a teinturier..
What are five well-known examples of Grenache?
southern Rhone, Priorat, Rioja, Navarra, Australia
aphid-like insect which destroyed European vineyards in the 19th century
phylloxera
Cabernet Franc tannin level?
light to medium
What are three things Grenache brings to a GSM blend?
color, acidity, complexity
characteristic Zinfandel aromas?
jammy fruit, raspberry, blackberry, raisin
Where do you commonly find Furmint?
Hungary
characteristic Sangiovese aromas?
sour cherry & orange peel
T/F Pinot Grigio & Pinot Gris are technically synonymous but have become associated with a particular style of wine.
true
well-aged Syrah/Shiraz aromas?
smoked meats
classic sweet dessert wines of Bordeaux that utilize Sauvignon Blanc
Sauternes
Grenache wines oxidize quickly or slowly?
quickly
Riesling dessert wines are made from what kind of grapes?
late-harvest or botrytis-affected
Where do you commonly find Macabeo/Viura?
Spain
Where do you commonly find Roussanne?
France
What are three well-known styles of Chardonnay?
white Burgundy, Champagne, “California style” New World
warm climate Cabernet Franc aromas?
raspberry, violet
What are two well-known examples of Merlot?
red Bordeaux, New World
Where do you commonly find Assyrtiko?
Greece
T/F Riesling reflects variations in terroir.
true
Where do you commonly find Corvina?
Italy
T/F Table wines made using Sauvignon Blanc are usually low in acidity and have some RS
false
Muscat acidity level?
low to medium
characteristic Syrah/Shiraz aromas?
blackberry, tar, leather, anise, rosemary, black pepper, smoke, lavender, forest floor, earth, dried fruits
What are the four top-producing countries of Muscat?
Italy, France, Chile, Australia
Sauvignon Blanc alcohol level?
medium
Pinot Grigio/Gris acidity level?
low to high
Where Sauvignon Blanc has an affinity for herbal character & fruit-forward flavors of grapefruit & tropical fruit
New Zealand
Cabernet Sauvignon alcohol level?
high
How are grape varieties propagated in commercial viticulture usually?
asexually
most common variety used for white wines & balsamic vinegar in Italy
Trebbiano Toscano
Where do you commonly find Montepulciano?
Italy
Define teinturier.
grape that has red flesh & red skin
Where do you commonly find Touriga Franca?
Portugal
Where do you commonly find Glera?
Italy
What are four top-producing countries of Cabernet Sauvignon?
France, Chile, United States, Australia
Pinot Noir alcohol level?
medium
Chardonnay alcohol level?
medium to high
characteristic Tempranillo aromas
leather, tobacco, chalky dust, strawberry, red cherry, currant, spice
grape genus
Vitis
Chardonnay acidity level?
medium to high
Where do you commonly find Meunier/Pinot Meunier?
France
Where do you commonly find Monastrell/Mourvedre?
Spain
T/F Riesling rarely has a floral aroma.
false
backbone of Chianti & other Tuscan wines
Sangiovese
Characteristic aromas of Pinot Grigio/Gris?
apple, lemon, melon, peach, minerals, almond
Merlot alcohol level?
medium to high
Where do you commonly find Godello?
Spain
Why is old-vine Grenache highly prized?
concentration of flavor
Where do you commonly find Carignan?
France
Pinot Grigio/Gris alcohol level?
medium
Chenin Blanc alcohol level?
medium to high
best known blending partner of Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot in famous reds of Bordeaux
Cabernet Franc
T/F Semillon is known for having a distinct waxy or oil character
true
Cabernet Franc alcohol level?
medium
Where do you commonly find Parellada?
Spain
Semillon aromas?
lemon, yellow grapefruit, honeysuckle, lemon blossom, peach, pear, green apple
What is a key indicator scent for Riesling?
petrol
What are two top-producing countries of Grenache?
France & Spain
Where do you commonly find Arinto?
Portugal
Where do you commonly find Verdejo?
Spain
Where do you commonly find Barbera?
Italy
indigenous grapes that are the result of natural cross-breeding or natural mutation in a specific area
autochthonous
Chenin Blanc acidity level?
medium-plus to high
T/F Blauer Portugieser, Agiorgitiko, & Touriga Nacional are all red varieties.
true
Where do you commonly find Cortese?
Italy
variety known for showing carbonic maceration
Gamay
teinturier grape variety
Alicante Bouschet
T/F Silvaner, Garganega, Palomino, and Chasselas are all red grape varieties.
false
Where do you commonly find Mourvedre?
France
What are two contributors to the preservative effect on Riesling?
high acidity & residual sugar
Warm climate Chardonnay aromas?
tropical fruit
T/F Nebbiolo is highly tannic and can be aged for a long time
true
Syrah/Shiraz tannin level?
high
Cabernet Franc’s complementary flavors with Cabernet Sauvignon?
red fruit & herbal
Where do you commonly find Aglianico?
Italy
Merlot acidity level?
medium
characteristic Gamay aromas
black fruit, raspberry, spice
Cabernet Sauvignon acidity level?
medium to high
Where do you commonly find Albarino?
Spain
Why is Pinot Noir a natural choice to use in sparkling wines?
its ability to produce flavorful grapes in cool conditions
Where do you commonly find Palomino?
Spain
grape varieties that have not been widely transplanted in areas beyond their native home or have not had impressive results when tried
traditional/native/indigenous varieties
Merlot represents the majority of the blend on which bank of Bordeaux?
Right Bank
T/F While it can be used for blending, typically Grenache is a single-variety wine.
false
T/F Pinot Gris can have more RS than Pinot Grigio.
true
variety of Barolo, Barbaresco, & other Piedmont wines
Nebbiolo
What are the three top-producing countries of Chardonnay?
France, United States, Australia
T/F Chenin Blanc has a low level of acidity
false
Where do you commonly find Alvarinho?
Portugal
Pinot Noir tannin level?
low to medium
What are three top-producing countries of Cabernet Franc?
France, Italy, United States
variety that produces densly pigmented, high alcohol, spicy red wines
Zinfandel
Where do you commonly find Vernaccia?
Italy
vine that has developed different characteristics from its parent clones through the imperfect reproduction of cells as it grows
mutation
What are two well-known examples of Cabernet Sauvignon?
red Bordeaux, Napa Valley
Grenache acidity level?
low to medium
Where do you commonly find Marsanne?
France
Where do you commonly find Moschofilero?
Greece
cool climate Sauvignon Blanc aromas?
grass, hay, grapefruit, green pepper
characteristic Nebbiolo aromas?
tar, roses, cherry, blackberry, licorice
Where do you commonly find Pinotage?
South Africa
Cool climate Chardonnay aromas?
green apple, melon, pears
Where do you commonly find Pedro Ximenez?
Spain
characteristic Pinot Noir aromas?
cherry, raspberry, strawberry earth, violet, lilac, sandalwood, mushroom
What are the three top-producing countries of Chenin Blanc?
South Africa, France, United States
primarily known for producing Beaujolais
Gamay
T/F Syrah can be used to produce dry, full-bodied rose wine.
true
Grenache alcohol level?
high
Loire Sauvignon Blanc aroma?
flint
What are five well-known examples of Cabernet Franc?
red Bordeaux, Loire Valley, northeast Italy, New York State, California
T/F Pinot Blanc is heavier on the palate than Pinot Gris and has less exotic aromas
false
commonly used name for vine subspecies
grape varieties
Where do you commonly find Aligote?
France
offspring of sexual reproduction between two closely related but different species
hybrid
Where do you commonly find Nero d’Avola?
Italy
T/F Sangiovese is darkly colored and low in acidity
false
Where do you commonly find Blauer Portugieser?
Germany/Austria
T/F Few New World regions make Cabernet Sauvignon
false
Where do you commonly find Gruner Veltliner?
Austria
Well-aged Riesling aromas?
baking spices
Vitis vinifera X Vitis labrusca
hybrid
Vitis vinifera X Vitis vinifera
cross
Where do you commonly find Tannat?
Uruguay
Where do you commonly find Touriga Nacional
Portugal
warm climate Sauvignon Blanc aromas?
asparagus, melon
T/F Chardonnay shows remarkedly different characteristics depending on the climate.
true
Where do you commonly find Zweigelt?
Germany/Austria
species of grapes that is used on a widespread basis in commercial winemaking
Vitis vinifera
Muscat alcohol level?
medium to high
What are three well-known examples of Muscat?
southern France, northern Italy, Australia
Where do you commonly find Vermentino?
Italy
Chenin Blanc’s home?
Loire Valley, France
T/F Pinot Gris has higher acidity than Pinot Grigio.
true
Where do you commonly find Rhoditis?
Greece
Where do you commonly find Agiorgitiko?
Greece
Gewurztraminer aromas?
flowers, spice, lychee, rose
Where is chardonnay indigenous to?
Burgundy, France
white wine best known as a blending partner
Semillon
T/F Cabernet Sauvignon is an early blooming variety.
false
T/F Chardonnay grown in cooler climates will generally have ripe, tropical fruit flavors and produce wines with high alcohol and considerable body.
false
What are three top-producing countries for Pinot Noir?
France, United States, Germany
What are nine well-known examples of Riesling?
Mosel, Germany; Rheingau, Germany; Rheinhessen, Germany; Pfalz, Germany; Alsace, France; Clare Valley, Australia; Eden Valley, Australia; Finger Lakes, New York; Washington, United States
Where do you commonly find Garganega?
Italy
Where do you commonly find Mavrodaphne?
Greece
Riesling alcohol level?
very low to high
What are five well-known examples of Pinot Noir?
red Burgundy, Champagne, New Zealand, Oregon, California
one of most aromatic white grape varieties
Gewurztraminer
characteristic aromas of Grenache?
strawberry, sour cherry, flowers, black pepper, cranberry
oak-aged Sauvignon Blanc aromas?
toast, smoke
French name for Trebbiano Toscana
Ugni Blanc
Where do you commonly find Cinsaut/Cinsault?
France
Where do you commonly find Petite Sirah?
United States
Where do you commonly find Loureiro?
Portugal
What are three well-known examples of Chenin Blanc?
Vouvray, Savennieres, Saumur
T/F Viognier is light-bodied
false
T/F All Muscats share a characteristic powerful floral aroma & scent of fresh white grapes in the finished wine?
true
T/F Pinot Grigio & Pinot Gris are two well-known names for the same grape variety?
true
Grenache tannin level?
low to medium
well aged Cabernet Sauvignon aromas?
coffee, caramel, cigar box
Pinot Noir acidity level?
medium to high
Sauvignon Blanc acidity level?
medium-plus to high
What are three well-known examples of Pinot Grigio/Gris?
northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon
T/F Grenache thrives in hot, dry conditions where it develops high sugar that turns to high alcohol
true
characteristic Malbec aromas
blackberry & plum
Oak-aged Chardonnay aromas?
vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast
Cabernet Sauvignon tannin level?
high
Cabernet Franc acidity level?
medium to high
Characteristic Muscat aromas?
musk, honey, orange blossom, floral, apricot, table grapes
T/F Pinot Grigio developed as a mutation of Cabernet Sauvignon in the Bordeaux area of France?
false
Viognier aromas?
flowers, peach, tangerine
New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc aroma?
gooseberry
Aged Chenin Blanc aromas?
honey, quince
Where do you commonly find Dolcetto?
Italy
Where do you commonly find Verdicchio?
Italy
cool climate Cabernet Sauvignon aromas?
black currant, black cherry, eucalyptus, mint, bell pepper
Characteristic Riesling aromas?
lime, peach, nectarine, apricot, honeysuckle, wet stone, petrol/kerosene
Where do you commonly find Xinomavro?
Greece
Malolactic fermentation Chardonnay aromas?
butter
Where do you commonly find Silvaner?
Germany
Where do you commonly find Chasselas?
Switzerland
leading red grape of Spain?
Tempranillo
Where do you commonly find Fernao Pires?
Portugal
What are five top-producing countries for Sauvignon Blanc?
France, New Zealand, Chile, United States, South Africa
offspring of sexual reproduction between different subspecies within the same species
cross/crossing
T/F Riesling has naturally high acidity, even with increasing ripeness
true
T/F Riesling can be made from bone dry to sweet and anywhere in between.
true
cool climate Cabernet Franc aromas?
cranberry, strawberry, tobacco, mushroom, bell pepper, tea
Pinot Grigio/Gris literally means?
gray Pinot
grape varieties that have been found to thrive in a wide range of growing conditions & are currently grown in many areas throughout the world
international varieties
Where do you commonly find Negroamaro?
Italy
grape variety often described as “forest floor,” “leather,” or “mushroom”
Pinot Noir
What is responsible for Cabernet Sauvignon’s consistency, reliability, depth of flavor, & aging ability?
tannins
