Grape Species, Varieties and Rootstocks Flashcards
How many species of vine are there?
60
Vine species for fruit?
Vitis Vinifera
Vine species for rootstocks?
- Vitis Riparia
- Vitis rupestris
- Vitis Berlandieri
What is a ‘Shoot’?
A new growth that a vine produces each year
Where do Buds form?
Where leaf stem joins shoot
How do leaves help the vine?
Responsible for Photosynthesis
What is Photosynthesis?
Where plants use Chlorophyll and energy from sunlight to convert water and CO2 into the sugar Glucose and Oxygen.
What is a ‘Tendrill’?
Supports vine. Senses a structure and wraps around it (e.g. a trellis wire)
What is the job of Flowers on a vine and what do you call the bunches?
They are the vines reproductive organs. Bunches are called Inflorescences
What happens when the flowers are pollinated and how does this affect the inflorescence?
They become berries once pollinated, then the inflorescence will become the bunch of grapes that are harvested at the end of the growing season
Explain ‘One year old wood’ and what happens to the buds from the previous year?
Shoots turn woody in winter after they have grown and following spring become ‘one year old wood’. Buds burst in spring and grow into shoots.
Why is managing ‘one year old wood’ important for vine growers?
Will normally only produce fruit on shoots that grow from buds in the previous year
What do you call ‘one year old wood’ after it has been pruned?
A cane or spur, depending on how many buds are left on it.
Cane is long, 8 to 15 buds
Spur is short, 2 to 3 buds
How old is ‘Permanent wood’?
More than one year old
What is ‘Permanent wood’ made of and what can it sometimes be referred to as?
Made up of trunk and arms of vine. Sometimes referred to as ‘Cordons’.
How is ‘Permanent wood’ helpful during the winter season and where is this most important?
Stores carbohydrate reserves during winter. Very important in areas with a cool, slow start to growing season as reserves can be used to fuel shoot growth until leaves do.
What two main factors do ‘Roots’ bring to a vine?
- Absorb water and nutrients from soil
2. Store carbohydrates so vine can survive in winter
‘Varietal’ and ‘Cultivar’ are synonyms for what?
Variety
What is a ‘cutting’?
Taken from a healthy shoot before it becomes woody. It is then planted, takes root and grows into new plant.
Explain ‘Layering’.
Layering works by bending a cane down and burying a section of it into the ground, where it then takes root. Cane linking to original plant will then be cut
What is a ‘Crossing’?
A grape variety whose ‘parent’ vine was grown from a seed whose parent plants were both Vitis Vinifera
What is a ‘Hybrid’?
A vine whose parents come from two different species of Vitis, may or may not include Vitis Vinifera
What is ‘Phylloxera’?
A pest that feeds on the roots of the vine. Bacteria and Funghi enter through the feeding wounds and infect the roots.
What is a ‘Rootstock’ and what is it bred from?
Phylloxera-resistant vine. Usually bred from American vine species.
What are ‘Nematodes’ and how can you prevent them?
Large round worm or thread worm. Use Rootstocks or sanitise soil.
What is ‘Grafting’?
A technique used to join a hybrid rootstock to a Vitis Vinifera variety.
What is ‘Bench Grafting’?
Short section of cane cut from a rootstock variety and another section from a Vitis Vinifera variety. They are spliced together by a machine and stored in warmth to heal. Roots or shoots trimmed off.
What is ‘Head Grafting’?
An existing vine is cut back so only trunk remains. Either a bud or cutting is grafted onto the trunk.
What are the classic characteristics of ‘Riesling’?
Fruity, aromatic and high in acidity
Why is Riesling good for late harvesting?
Because it ripens late
What are the characteristics of Pinot Gris?
Rich, textured and oily. High in alcohol and medium-low in acidity
What grape actually tastes like grapes?
Muscat.
Which red grape is commonly used in Rose wines?
Grenache
Which two popular wine regions does Grenache play a bit part in?
Rioja and Chateauneuf-du-pape
What characteristics does Sangiovese have?
Sour red cherry, earthy aromas and high in acidity
What is Tempranillo known as in Portugal?
Tinta Roriz and Aragonez
