Grant

Question 1

how does Grant link to cognitive area?

Answer 1

shows another way in which memory can be affected – in this case, by whether information is recalled in a similar context to that in which it was first encountered

Question 2

background to Grant.

Answer 2

Research has shown that context-dependence may play an important role in numerous situations, such as memory for studied material. Grant et al therefore aimed to show that environmental context can have a more positive effect on performance in a meaningful memory test when the test takes place in the same environment in which the to-be-remembered material was originally studied (the matching condition)

Question 3

method to Grant.

Answer 3

Lab experiment using an independent measures design. IV= whether ppts read the 2 page article under noisy or quiet conditions/ppts tested under matching or missmatching conditions. DV=ppt performance on short answer recall test and multiple choice.

Question 4

sample of Grant

Answer 4

8 members of a psychology lab class as experimenters who each recruited 5 participants. 39 ppts from age 17-56 years 17F 23M.

Question 5

procedure of Grant.

Answer 5

Each experimenter ran one participant for each of the four conditions and an additional participant for one of the conditions as assigned by the instruction
stimuli:
-each experimenter provided their own cassette player and headphones and were all exact copies made from a master tape of background noise from a cafeteria at lunch and was played moderately loud.
- 2 paged 3 column article on psychoimmunology
-16 multiple choice questions which tested memory. The short-answer test was always administered first to ensure that recall of information from the article was being tested and not recall of information from the multiple- choice test.

Question 6

findings of Grant

Answer 6

results suggest participants in all groups spent roughly equal amounts of time studying the material. Therefore reading time was used as a co-variable in the analysis of test performance. There was no overall affect of noise on performance.

Question 7

Conclusions on Grant?

Answer 7

studying and testing in the same environment enhances performance. Students are likely to perform better in exams if they study for them with a minimum of background noise due to same condition