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Alimentary > Grand tour of the alimentary canal > Flashcards

Grand tour of the alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system ?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What is the function of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestine ?

A

Mouth:
- food broken down
- saliva added as lubricant
Oesophagus:
- conduit between mouth and stomach
Stomach:
- digestion of proteins
- food reduced to liquid
- storage
- sterilisation
Pancreas:
- digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbs and proteins
Liver:
- bile salts for digestion/ absoprtion of fats in small intestine
Gallbladder:
- stores and concentrates bile
Small intestine:
- final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
Large intestine:
- water absorption
- bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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3
Q

What are the 4 layers of canal ?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa ?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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5
Q

What is the function of the epithelium ?

A

Barrier
Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus
Absorbs products of digestion

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6
Q

Where is stratified sqaumous epithelium found ?

A

Mouth
Oesophagus
Anal canal

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7
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found ?

A

Stomach
Small and large intestine

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8
Q

What type of tissue is the lamina propria ?

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

What layer is a smooth muscle layer ?

A

Muscularis mucosae

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10
Q

What type of tissue is the submucosa ?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue that supports mucosa

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11
Q

What does the submucosal contain ?

A

Neurones, blood vessels and lymphatics

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12
Q

What is the serosa/adventitia ?

A

Connective tissue outer layer

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13
Q

What does the adventitia attach to ?

A

outside peritoneal cavity, attaches oesophagus and rectum to surroudning structures

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14
Q

What does the serosa surround ?

A

Inside the peritoneal cavity, surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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15
Q

What is the muscularis externa ?

A

Two concentric layers of smooth muscle

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16
Q

What are the layers of muscularis externa and function ?

A

Inner layer = circular muscle - constricts lumen
outer layer = longitudinal muscle - shortens lumen

17
Q

What does the muscularis externa do ?

A

Produces motility- peristalsis and segmentation

18
Q

What is the plexus between the circular and longitudinal muscle ?

A

Myenteric plexus

19
Q

What does the submucosal and myenteric plexus make up ?

A

Enetric nervous system

20
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation and function of the alimentary tract ?

A

Vagus nerve - X
stimulatory- increases secretion and motility

21
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation and function of the alimentary tract ?

A

Splanchnic nerve
inhibitory- decreases secretion and motility

22
Q

What process is not innervation by vagus or splanchnic nerve ?

A

Salivation

23
Q

What does the descending abdominal aorta supply ?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

24
Q

What does the celiac trunk supply ?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

25
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply ?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

26
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply ?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

27
Q

Where does venous drainage from the stomach go ?

A

Gastric veins

28
Q

Where does venous drainage from pancreas drain ?

A

Splenic vein

29
Q

What structures drain into the Superior mesenteric vein ?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

30
Q

What structures drain blood into inferior mesenteric vein ?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

31
Q

What veins drain into the hepatic portal vein ?

A

Gastric, splenic, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins

32
Q

When blood drains into hepatic portal vein where does it go ?

A

Hepatic vein -> inferior vena cava

Alimentary (3 decks)

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