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Alimentary System > Grand tour of alimentary canal > Flashcards

Grand tour of alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

Function of the mouth

A

Foodstuffs broken down by chewing. Saliva added as lubricant.

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3
Q

Function of oesophagus

A

Conduit between mouth and stomach

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4
Q

Function of Pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbs and proteins.

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5
Q

Function of liver

A

Produce Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine

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6
Q

Function of Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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7
Q

Function of Small intestine

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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8
Q

Function of Large intestine

A

Water absorption, bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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9
Q

What are the 4 distinctive layers (tunics) of the Alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa: epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

Submucosa

Muscularis externa

Serosa/adventitia

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10
Q

What type of epithelium mucosa is the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous

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11
Q

What type of epithelium mucosa is the stomach and small & large intestines?

A

Simple columnar

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12
Q

What does the lamina propria form?

A

Loose connective tissue (glands, blood/lymph vessels)

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13
Q

What does the Muscularis mucosae form?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

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14
Q

What type of tissue supports mucosa?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue

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15
Q

What forms the submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus (parasympathetic)?

A

Neurones

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16
Q

What is serosa/adventitia?

A

Connective tissue outer layer of alimentary canal

17
Q

What does Adventitia do outside peritoneal cavity?

A

It attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

18
Q

What does Serosa do inside peritoneal cavity?

A

Serosa surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

19
Q

What is the muscularis externa?

A

Two concentric thick layers of smooth muscle composed of an inner layer and outer layer

20
Q

What does the inner and outer layer of the muscularis externa do?

A

Inner layer = circular muscle (constricts lumen)

Outer layer = longitudinal muscle (shortens tube)

21
Q

What are the functions of the muscularis externa?

A

Produce motility and segmental contractions and peristaltic movement in the GI tract

22
Q

Where is the Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus located?

A

Between the circular (inner) muscle and longitudinal (outer) muscle

23
Q

What does the Myenteric and Submucosal plexus form?

A

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

- Independent control of gut function

24
Q

What directs the autonomic control of alimentary function?

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (ENS) reflexes

25
Q

What innervates the parasympathetic function of alimentary function?

A

Vagus nerve (X)

except salivation which is facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX)

26
Q

What innervates the sympathetic function of alimentary function?

A

Splanchnic nerve

27
Q

What does the Celiac trunk supply?

A

Stomach

Small intestine

Pancreas

Liver

28
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small Intestine

Caecum

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

29
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

30
Q

What vein does the stomach drain to?

A

Gastric veins

31
Q

What vein does the pancreas drain to?

A

Splenic vein

32
Q

What veins do small intestine, caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon all drain to?

A

Superior mesenteric vein > Hepatic portal vein > Hepatic vein > Inferior vena cava

33
Q

What veins do descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum all drain to?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein > Hepatic portal vein > Hepatic vein > Inferior vena cava

Alimentary System (8 decks)

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