grammer L16+ Flashcards
NOUN 대로 or V-(으)ㄴ/는 대로
‘in accordance with’ ‘just as’
‘in accordance with’ ‘just as’
NOUN 대로 or V-(으)ㄴ/는 대로
VERB게
‘ly’ creates an adverb
‘ly’ creates an adverb
VERB게
-(으)ㄴ 후에 / 다음에
after/ following
after/following
-(으)ㄴ 후에 / 다음에
expressing intention
-(으)ᄅ followed by a NOUN이다
-(으)ᄅ followed by a NOUN이다
expressing intention
remember
Uncertain -(으)ᄅ 생각이에요.
Decided and somewhat certain -(으)ᄅ 계획이에요.
Decided and certain in personal -(으)ᄅ 작정이에요.
Decided and official -(으)ᄅ 예정이에요.
remember
Uncertain -(으)ᄅ 생각이에요.
Decided and somewhat certain -(으)ᄅ 계획이에요.
Decided and certain in personal -(으)ᄅ 작정이에요.
Decided and official -(으)ᄅ 예정이에요.
-(으)ᄂ/는 바람에
because of… (intentional outcome)
because of… (unintentional or unwanted outcome)
-(으)ᄂ/는 바람에
–는 게 좋겠다
it would be best if one did… (verb)
it would be best if one did… (verb)
–는 게 좋겠다
-(으)려다가
i was going to… but then i…
i was going to… but then i…
-(으)려다가
colloquial, -(으)ᄅ래다가
-은/는 데
used to add additional informational about prior sentence. either a sentence verb ending or gives background info before asking a question
used to add additional informational about prior sentence. either a sentence verb ending or gives background info before asking a question
-은/는 데
-은/는 데도
in spite of/even though
in spite of… / even though
-은/는 데도
-은/는데요
polite exclamatory ‘how …!’ ‘what a … !’
polite exclamatory meaning : ‘how …!’ ‘what a … !’
-은/는데요
(noun) 인 것 같다
it seems, looks like (noun)
it seems, looks like (noun)
(noun) 인 것 같다
(doing verb)는 것 같다
it seems as if (verb) is happening
it seems as if (verb) is happening
(possessive verb)는 것 같다
VERB(으)ᄂ 것 같다
it seems something happened (past tense)
it seems something happened (past tense)
VERB(으)ᄂ 것 같다
verb(으)ᄅ 것 같다
it seems that verb will/might happen (future tense)
it seems that verb will/might happen (future)
verb(으)ᄅ 것 같다
-(으)ᄅ 때
‘when’ or ‘while’
‘when’ or ‘while’
-(으)ᄅ 때
-(으)ᄅ 때마다
every time. used to separate first clause ‘every time i do this….. this happens’
every time. used to separate first clause ‘every time i do this….. this happens’
-(으)ㄹ 때마다
-(으)ᄅ 때부터
since the time when. or since the time (that) happened
since the time when. or since the time (that) happen
-(으)ᄅ 때부터
-(으)ᄅ 때까지
until the time when. or until the time that (something happens)
until the time when. or until the time that (something happens)
-(으)ᄅ 때까지
-었/았다가
‘when so-and-so happened, then’
‘when so-and-so happened, then’
-었/았다가
-었/았다 -었/았다가 하다
It means that the two actions keep interrupting each other. contrasting verbs that occur at the same time or in the same time period. e.g the moon gets bigger and smaller every month
It means that the two actions keep interrupting each other. contrasting verbs that occur at the same time or in the same time period. e.g the moon gets bigger and smaller every month
-었/았다 -었/았다가 하다
-(으)ᄂ/는 김에
While one is doing something, he/she takes the opportunity to do something else
While one is doing something, he/she takes the opportunity to do something else
-(으)ㄴ/는 김에
past -(으)ㄴ, present -는
-지 말고
when a sentence contains two opposite commands, the first (negative) one can use -지 말고
when a sentence contains two opposite commands, the first (negative) one can use -지 말고
-지 말고
-(으)면서
while (verb)ing
while (verb)ing
-(으)면서
-(으)면서도
even though. e.g. even though (x) someone still does (y) simultaneously
even though. e.g. even though (x) someone still does (y) simultaneously
-(으)면서도
‘given that’ or ‘seeing as’
-(이)면
-(이)면
‘given that’ or ‘seeing as’
-네요
verb ending to express shock or surprise to discovering something new
verb ending to express shock or surprise to discovering something new
-네요
-(으)려고
used to express the purpose of an action, ‘in order to do some action’
used to express the purpose of an action, ‘in order to do some action’
-(으)려고
-(으)려고 하다/그러다
used to express someone’s intention/purpose of doing an action in the future
used to express someone’s intention/purpose of doing an action in the future
-(으)려고 하다/그러다
–(으)려면
if one intends to
if one intends to
–(으)려면
-군요/는군요
verb ending to convert surprise from learning something new from someone else/someone else’s experience.
verb ending to convert surprise from learning something new from someone else/someone else’s experience.
-군요/는군요
verb base(으)면 안 되다
not/is permitted to do x. literal translation ‘if one was to do x, it won’t do’ ‘if one was not to do x, it won’t do’
not/is permitted to do x. literal translation ‘if one was to do x, it won’t do’ ‘if one was not to do x, it won’t do’
verb base(으)면 안 되다
if… or when…
-(으)면
-(으)면 좋겠어요.
it would be nice if…
it would be nice if…
-(으)면 좋겠어요.
-았/었으면 얼마나 좋겠어요!
rhetorical expression ‘how nice it would be if (something happens)!’
- (으)ᄂ 일/적이 있다
- (으)ᄂ 일/적이 없다
has ever done
has never done
has ever done
has never done
- (으)ᄂ 일/적이 있다
- (으)ᄂ 일/적이 없다
sometimes does
never does
- 는 일/적이 있다
- 는 일/적이 없다
- 는 일/적이 있다
- 는 일/적이 없다
sometimes does
never does
-는 것
the fact that…
the fact that…
-는 것
(verb)–는 NOUN
the NOUN that is currently VERBing
the NOUN that is currently VERBing
(verb)–는 NOUN
(verb)-(으)ᄂ NOUN
the NOUN that was VERBing (past)
the NOUN that was VERBing (past)
(verb)-(으)ᄂ NOUN
verb아/어 지다
to become -> a descriptive verb
or to become liking/hating etc
to become -> a descriptive verb
or to become liking/hating etc
verb아/어 지다
-아/어도
even though, even if
even though, even if
-아/어도
Noun (이)라도
‘even though it be’ or ‘since it be..’
‘even though it be’ or ‘since it be..’
Noun (이)라도
-어/아도 되다
asking and giving permission ‘may i’
asking and giving permission ‘may i’
-어/아도 되다
-지 않아도
doesn’t have to. often followed by ‘its okay’ or ‘i like’
doesn’t have to. often followed by ‘its okay’ or ‘i like’
-지 않아도
decides to
-기로 했어요
-기로 했어요
decides to
-아/어야 해요/돼요
must (do), have to (do)
must do, have to
아/어야 해요/돼요
-(으)ᄅ 수 있어요/없어요
can/can’t do
can/can’t do
(으)ᄅ 수 있어요/없어요
-아/어 보다
to do the verb for the first time, try something new
to do the verb for the first time, try something new
-아/어 보다
-아/어 봤어요
to have already tried or done verb
to have already tried or done verb
-아/어 봤어요
nominalizer ‘-기’
‘ing’ turns verbs and adjectives to nouns
‘ing’ turns verbs and adjectives to nouns
nominalizer ‘-기’
begins to do, starts doing (verb)
-기 시작하다
standard because
-기 때문에
before doing (verb)
-기 전에
-아/어서 죽겠어요
so… i could die
so… i could die
-아/어서 죽겠어요
verb ending, unfinished sentences and afterthoughts
‘-서요/-고요’
‘-서요/-고요’
verb ending, unfinished sentences and afterthoughts
about or concerning
-에 대해(서)
-에 대해(서)
about or concerning
verb ending in follow-up sentence. means ‘..you see’
-거든요
-거든요
verb ending in follow-up sentence. means ‘..you see’
