Grammer Flashcards

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1
Q

pronomi complemento oggetto proˈnoːme odˈʤɛːtto

A

Who and What

singular

me te lui lei - me, you fam, him/it, her/it (people pets only third person)

plural

noi voi loro - us, you all fam, them (only people, pets)

usually follow the verb

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2
Q

pronomi complemento oggetto proˈnoːme odˈʤɛːtto

A

Who and What

singular

mi ti lo la - me, you fam, him/it, her/it

plural

ci vi li le - us, you all fam, them masc, them fem

always placed close to verb - usu in front

agree in number and gender with replaced nouns

preceds the conjugated verb

lo and la - l’ before vowel and h in avere (and mi, ti, vi)

li and le are never contracted

attach to ecco as in eccola - here it is or eccoli - here they are

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3
Q

possesive pronouns

A

my/mine = mio miei mia mie

you/yours = tuo tuoi tua tue

his/her/its/your form = suo suoi sua sue

our/ours = nostro nostri nostra nostre

your/yours = vostro vostri vostra vostre

their/thiers/your/yours = loro

no article with one family member – mia madre, mia sorella

loro always uses the article

mamma, babbo and papa all use definite article - la mia mamma

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4
Q

reflexive pronouns

A

mi = me/myself

ti = you/yourself

si = himself/herself/itself/yourself formal

ci = us/ourselves

vi = you/yourselves

si = themselves/yourselves formal

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5
Q

Alcuni

A

a pronoun

some

a few

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6
Q

Niente

A

a pronoun

nothing

nobody

anything

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7
Q

form the present progressive tense

A

stare conjugated + present participle

are verb - drop are and add ando

ere/ire verbs - add endo

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8
Q

reflexive verbs

A

recognize by the -e being dropped (in are, ere, ire verbs) and adding si

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9
Q

future tense

A

for shall or will

  1. For regular -ere, -ire, -isc verbs drop e and add:

ò ai à

emo ete anno

  1. For regular -are verbs -are changes to -er and then add the same endings
  2. The -are verbs ending in -gare and -care:

add an h to keep hard g and c sound

pagare - pagherò

  1. For -are verbs ending in with -giare, -ciare

drop i then add e and ending (c or g + e stays soft)

mangiare - mangerò

cominciare - comincerai

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10
Q

Definite Articles

A

il i - before consonant

l’ gli - before a vowel

lo gli - before s consonant, z, ps, gn

la le - before consonant

l’ le - before vowel

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11
Q

A + definite article

A

al ai allo agli all’ agli

alla alle all’

il - al i - ai before consonant

l’ - all’ gli - agli before vowel

lo - allo gli - agli before s consonant, z, ps, gn

la - alla le - alle before consonant

l’ - all’ le - alle before vowel

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12
Q

di

A

del dei dello degli dell’

della delle dell’

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13
Q

da

A

dal dai dallo dagli dall’

dalla dalle dall’

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14
Q

in

A

nel nei nello negli nell’

nella nelle nell’

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15
Q

su

A

sul sui sullo sugli sull’

sulla sulle sull’

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16
Q

comparativo e superlativo degli aggettivi

A

MAJORITY - PIÙ + adjective + DI / CHE + second part of the comparison

di - noun or pronoun or adverb

che - adjective or preposition or verb

MINORITY - MENO + adjective + DI / CHE + second term of comparison

same rules as above for di and che

EQUALITY - TANTO + adjective + QUANTO / COME + second part of the comparison

quanto and come are interchangeable

RELATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Determinate article + Più / Meno + adjective + Di / Tra / Fra + Noun, or

Determinate article + Noun + Più / Meno + adjective

ABSOLUTE SUPERLATIVE

add -issimo to the adjective

use adverb before adjective - molto, davvero, realmente

17
Q

di

A

of

from after essere - io sono di milano

possession - casa di Mario

description (preceds) - sono libri di ricette

time with words - di notte

after indefinite pronouns precedes adjectives - non c’è niente di nuovo

materials - la maglietta di cotone

arguments with verbs parlare, trattare, discutere giorgio discute sempre di politica

18
Q

a

A

to, at, in, on

to

going to city, small island, home, school, other venues - andare a..

at

time, meals, age

in

in a town

on

tv program, small island

with verbs

after conjugated verb followed by infinitive

usu forward looking verbs - cominciare, provare, imparare

19
Q

Adverbs

A

modify a verb, adverb, or adjective

many formed by adding -mente to feminine form of adjective

eg felice felicemente

eg vera veramente

if adjective ends in le or re drop the e then add mente