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Irish Words > Grammer > Flashcards

Grammer Flashcards

1
Q

Modh Coinníollach endings

A

D’ +h -fadh/-feadh/-eodh/-ódh

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2
Q

Aimsir fháistineach endings

A

-faidh/-fidh/-eoidh/-óidh

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3
Q

Aimsir Láithreach endings

A

-ann/-eann/-aíonn/-íonn

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4
Q

Aimsir Chaite endings

A

D’ +h

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5
Q

Aimsir Chaite Ceisteanna

A

ar +h

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6
Q

Aimsir Chaite negative endings

A

níor +h

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7
Q

Ceisteanna sa AL agus AF

A

an +urú

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8
Q

Negative sa AL agus AF

A

ní +h

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9
Q

Briathra neamhrialta

A

Abair/beir/bí/clois/déan/faigh/feic/ith/tabhair/tar/téigh

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10
Q

BN sa AC

A

Dúirt/Rug/Bhí/Chuala/Rinne/Fuair/Chonaic/D’ith/Thug/Tháinig/Chuaigh

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11
Q

BN sa AL

A

Deir/Beireann/Tá/Cloiseann/Déanann/Faigheann/Feiceann/Itheann/Tugann/Tagann/Téann

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12
Q

BN sa AF

A

Déarfaidh/Béarfaidh/Beidh/Cloisfidh/Déanfaidh/Gheobhaidh/Feicfidh/Íosfaidh/Tabharfaidh/Tiocfaidh/Rachaidh

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13
Q

Tá vs Is

A

Tá tells us ABOUT something

Is tells us WHAT something is

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14
Q

-ach

A

____ person

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15
Q

-oir/óir

A

profession

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16
Q

-aí

A

profession

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17
Q

BN sa AC negative

A

Ní dúirt, níor rug, ní raibh, níor chuala, ní dhearna, ní bhfuair, ní bhfaca, níor ith, níor thug, níor tháinig, ní dheachaigh

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18
Q

BN sa AC ceisteanna

A

An ndúirt, ar rug, an raibh, ar chuala, an ndearna, an bhfuar, an bhfaca, ar ith, ar thug, ar tháinig, an ndeachaigh

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19
Q

Word after i grammar

A

Always takes an urú

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20
Q

Word after mar

A

Always takes shéimhú

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21
Q

Word after faoi

A

Always takes shéimhú

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22
Q

Word after le

A

Stays the same

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23
Q

Word after ó

A

Always takes shéimhú

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24
Q

Word after ag

A

No shéimhú

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25
Q

in the [vowel]

A

san

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26
Q

[grammar]
In the f-[vowel]

A

san +h

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27
Q

In the [consonant]

A

sa (+mutation)

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28
Q

In the [plural]

A

sna

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29
Q

When sa adds a shéimhú

A

after m- b- c- g- or p-

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30
Q

[grammar]
Sa effects

A

shéimhu after (m b c g p) and t- to the beginning of feminine s nouns

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31
Q

[grammar]
The name of a language

A

generally preceded by definite article (imagine it is said as the [language])

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32
Q

[grammar]
How to say
The____of the____

A

not possible in Irish so no definite article before a genitive.

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33
Q

Word after na

A

h____ if begins with vowel

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34
Q

Words after definitive artical
an _____

A
  1. if feminine: shéimhú or t before s
  2. if masculine and vowel: t-
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35
Q

[grammar]
When is An in the genitive

A

only before masculine singular nouns

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36
Q

Word effects after an in genitive

A

shéimhú if begins with consonant and t before s

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37
Q

Singular Word after na in genitive

A

h before vowels

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38
Q

Plural word after na in genitive

A

consonants get urú.
Vowels get n-

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39
Q

B urú

A

mb-

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40
Q

g urú

A

ng-

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41
Q

c urú

A

gc-

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42
Q

d urú

A

nd-

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43
Q

t urú

A

dt-

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44
Q

p urú

A

bp-

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45
Q

f urú

A

bhf-

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46
Q

When words don’t take urú

A

when word before ends in dntls and word starts with one of the dntls.
An is most common time this happens

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47
Q

Go grammar

A
  1. when with a verb takes an urú or n-.
  2. But makes no change when combined with a noun
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48
Q

Question grammar

A

an adds an urú to verb

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49
Q

Nach grammar

A
  1. nach adds urú to consonant verbs
  2. when used as “that (negative go/a)” adds n- to vowel verbs
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50
Q

in grammar

A

i before vowels or titles

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51
Q

ina grammar

A

i before possesive a or ár. E.g. in his hers theirs or ours

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52
Q

Go vs. a before verbs

A

both mean that but go relates to verbs and a relates to noun. A can usually be replaced with who

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53
Q

Atá vs a bhfuil

A
  1. atá is who/that is.
  2. A bhfuil is whose or who/that has
  3. Same thing applies to a bhí vs. a raibh

A bhfuil is for when you start talking about a second noun
[Whose is a bhfuil too but it’s easier to think of it as who has]

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54
Q

a grammar

A

adds a shéimhiú
also adds d’ when used as that/who

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55
Q

[n] who was

A

____ a bhí

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56
Q

[n] who is

A

____ atá

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57
Q

[n] that was

A

_____ a bhí

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58
Q

I hope that it will be

A

Tá súil agam go mbeidh sé

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59
Q

[vb] that it was

A

____ go raibh sé

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60
Q

[vb] that I am

A

___ go bhfuil mé

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61
Q

[vb] that I got

A

go bhfuair mé

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62
Q

[vb] that it will get

A

go bhfaighidh sé

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63
Q

[vb] that it does

A

go ndéanann sé

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64
Q

[n] that makes

A

a dhéanann

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65
Q

[vb] that it will take

A

go dtógfaidh sé

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66
Q

_____ whose ____ is

A

_____ a bhfuil a ____

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67
Q

____ whose ____ was

A

____ a raibh a _____

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68
Q

Verbal noun uses

A
  1. ____ing [ag ____]
  2. To ____ [_____]
  3. To ____ something [something a ____]
  4. something being _____ [something á ____]
  5. Something being ____ by someone [something á _____ ag ____]
  6. Something is to be ____ [something le ____]
  7. Person is _____ing pronoun [Tá person do pronoun’s _____]
  8. Person is/was/will be ____ing it/that [Tá/Bhí/Beidh person á dhéanamh /sin]
  9. the ____ing [an _____]
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69
Q

You are a _____

A

Is _____ thú

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70
Q

Is ____ pronoun vs. Is pronoun ____

A
  1. Is ____ mé is for classification
  2. Is mise is for definitive
    I am a _____
    I am [the] ____
    Is pronoun tends to use emphatical forms but I’m not sure if you have to
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71
Q

She is the ____

A

Is í an _____ í
[She-un / Ish-uh]

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72
Q

He is the ___

A

Is é an _____ é
[Shay-un / Esh-un]

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73
Q

We are the ____

A

Is muidne na _____
Is sinne na ____

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74
Q

Yous are the ____

A

Is sibhse na ____

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75
Q

They are the ____

A

Is iad na _____ iad
[She-id]

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76
Q

Ba vs ab vs b’

A
  1. all past tense of Is
  2. Ab and b’ are for vowels
  3. Use B’ if it’s at the start of a sentence except if the word that follows is a pronoun [í, é, iad]
  4. Use B’ if something used to be smaller/taller/better/etc. but not when it was the smallest/tallest/best/etc.
    -Bhí an bord ní b’fhearr
    -Ba í Máire an cailin ab fhearr sa rang
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77
Q

You are the _____

A

Is tusa an ______

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78
Q

He is a _____

A

Is _____ é

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79
Q

I am [habitually]

A

Bím

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80
Q

It is [habitually]

A

Bíonn sé

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81
Q

They are _____s

A

Is _____ iad

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82
Q

She is a _____

A

Is _____ í

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83
Q

We are _____s

A

Is _____ muid

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84
Q

Yous are ____s

A

Is _____ sibh

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85
Q

You have work to do

A

Tá obair le déanamh agat

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86
Q

I have a lot of study to do

A

Tá go leor staidéir le déanamh agam

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87
Q

I am beating him

A

Tá mé á bhualadh

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88
Q

He is hitting her

A

Tá sé á bualadh

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89
Q

It is hurting them

A

Tá sé á ngortú

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90
Q

It is hurting us

A

Tá sé dár ngortú

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91
Q

I am doing it

A

Tá sé á dhéanamh/déanamh

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92
Q

We are doing them

A

Táimid á ndéanamh

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93
Q

I am doing that

A

Tá mé á dhéanamh sin

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94
Q

They are building it

A

Tá siad á thógáil

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95
Q

It is starting

A

Tá sé ag tosú

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96
Q

to build a house

A

teach a thógáil

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97
Q

I would like to do that

A

Ba mhaith liom sin a dhéanamh

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98
Q

He would like to stay

A

Ba mhaith leis fanacht

99
Q

I would like to leave

A

Ba mhaith liom imeacht

100
Q

Fág vs imigh

A

Fág is to leave something behind
Imigh is to leave a place

101
Q

I would like to leave here

A

Ba mhaith liom imeacht anseo

102
Q

I would like to start taking lessons

A

Ba mhaith liom tosú ag cur ceachtanna

103
Q

I would like to start studying

A

Ba mhaith liom tosú ag staidéar

104
Q

Roads are being built

A

Tá bóithre á dtógáil

105
Q

á grammar

A

Changes verb depending on noun being discussed
1. shéimhiú when sing. masc noun
2. h before when sing. fem noun AND the verb after starts with noun(e.g. éirí)
3. urú when plural

106
Q

history is being made

A

Tá stair á déanamh

107
Q

Lives are being taken

A

Tá saolta á dtógáil

108
Q

[n] that had [something]

A

____ a raibh ____ ag[pronoun]

109
Q

the woman who had everything

A

An bhean a raibh gach rud aici

110
Q

The game that the referee was going to finish

A

An cluiche a raibh an réiteoir chun críochnú

111
Q

The game that was going to finish

A

An cluiche a bhí chun críochnú

112
Q

[noun] was going to [verb]

A

Bhí [noun] chun [verbal noun]

113
Q

She was going to buy the food

A

Bhí sí chun an bia a cheannach

114
Q

[noun] was about to [verb]

A

Bhí [noun] ar tí [verbal noun]

115
Q

He was about to marry her

A

Bhí sé ar tí í a phósadh

116
Q

He was a man who had a family

A

Ba fear é a raibh teaghlach aige

117
Q

The door that has paint on it

A

An doras a bhfuil péint air

118
Q

The fridge that has sausages in it

A

An cuisneoir a bhfuil ispíní ann

119
Q

a bhí ann

A

This seems to mean it was but there’s a bit more emphasis than Ba ___ é

120
Q

Questions and Negatives conjugation in Past

A
  1. Ar - adds shéimhiú but not the d’
  2. Nár - is for negative questions does the same as ar
  3. Níor - is for negative statements and also does the same as ar
121
Q

Questions and Negatives conjugation in Present

A
  1. An - adds urú
  2. Nach - negative questions and adds urú
  3. Ní - negative statement and adds shéimhiú but not d’
122
Q

Questions and Negatives conjugation in Future

A
  1. An - adds urú
  2. Nach - negative questions and adds urú
  3. Ní - negative statement and adds shéimhiú but not d’
123
Q

Ansin vs. ann

A

Ansin is more precise “there”
Ann literally means “in it” but is a more general there

124
Q

negative of a/go [verb] in the past

A

nár [question form of verb (usually +h)]

125
Q

irregular negative of a/go [verb] in the past

A

téigh
bí
déan
feic
faigh
-use nach instead of nár-

126
Q

The man who didn’t come

A

an fear nár tháinig

127
Q

The man that didn’t go

A

An fear nach ndeachaigh

128
Q

The man who didn’t eat

A

An fear nár ith

129
Q

the boy that didn’t get

A

An buachaill nach bhfuair

130
Q

I think the boy didn’t get

A

Ceapaim nach bhfuair an buachaill

131
Q

I like that the story wasn’t

A

Is maith liom nach raibh an scéal

132
Q

The woman that wasn’t

A

an bhean nach raibh

133
Q

I think that the man didn’t do

A

Ceapaim nach ndearna an fear

134
Q

The business that didn’t make

A

An gnó nach ndearna

135
Q

They said he didn’t see

A

Dúirt siad nach bhfaca sé

136
Q

The man who didn’t say

A

An fear nár dúirt

137
Q

It seems like they didn’t say anything

A

Is cosúil nár dúirt siad aon rud

138
Q

The man that didn’t get a prize

A

An fear nach bhfuair duais

139
Q

I thought that he didn’t get

A

Ceapaim mé nach bhfuair sé

140
Q

I hope that they didn’t see it

A

Tá súil agam nach bhfaca siad é

141
Q

The boy who didn’t hear

A

An buachaill nár chuala

142
Q

She thought that he didn’t give her it but he did

A

Cheap sí nár thug sé di é ach thug sé

143
Q

The man who was not born here

A

An fear nár rugadh anseo

144
Q

The woman who didn’t take it

A

An bhean nár thóg é

145
Q

The boy who didn’t drink it

A

An buachaill nár ól é

146
Q

I like that he didn’t drink it

A

Is maith liom nár ól sé é

147
Q

negative of a/go [verb] in the present + future

A

nach [ +urú / n- ]

148
Q

The woman who is not here

A

An bhean nach bhfuil anseo

149
Q

She realizes he doesn’t love her at all

A

Tuigeann sí nach bhfuil grá aige di ar chor ar bith

150
Q

She thinks it will not be better for her daughter

A

Ceapann sí nach mbeidh sé níos fearr dá hiníon

151
Q

I’m glad that the boy doesn’t drink

A

Tá áthas orm nach n-ólann an buachaill

152
Q

for her ____

A

dá _____ [do + a so no change]

153
Q

for his ____

A

dá _____ [+h to consonant]

154
Q

for their ____

A

dá _____ [+urú or n-____]

155
Q

for my ____

A

do mo ____ [+h]

156
Q

for your _____

A

do do ____[+h]

157
Q

for our ____

A

dár _____ [+urú or n-____]

158
Q

possessive pronouns and effects

A

mo +h
do +h
(his) a +h
(her) a
ár +urú
bhur +urú
(their) a +urú

159
Q

my (vowel)

A

m’____

160
Q

your (vowel)

A

d’____

161
Q

his (vowel)

A

a _____

162
Q

her (vowel)

A

a h____

163
Q

our (vowel)

A

ár n-____

164
Q

y’alls (vowel)

A

bhur n-____

165
Q

their (vowel)

A

a n-____

166
Q

idir grammar

A

+h

167
Q

faoi grammar

A

+h

168
Q

(preposition) na grammar

A

word after doesn’t change

169
Q

ag an grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

170
Q

as an grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

171
Q

faoin grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

172
Q

leis an grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

173
Q

chuig an grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

174
Q

ar an grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

175
Q

don grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

176
Q

den grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

177
Q

roimh an grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

178
Q

ón grammar

A

+h
unless dntls

179
Q

tríd an

A

+h
unless dntls

180
Q

they have

A

acu

181
Q

she has

A

aici

182
Q

he has

A

aige

183
Q

we have

A

againn

184
Q

with you

A

leat

185
Q

with her

A

léi

186
Q

with us

A

linn

187
Q

with them

A

leo

188
Q

before him

A

roimhe

189
Q

before them

A

rompu

190
Q

on me

A

orm

191
Q

on you

A

ort

192
Q

on him

A

air

193
Q

on her

A

uirthi

194
Q

on us

A

orainn

195
Q

on yous

A

oraibh

196
Q

on them

A

orthu

197
Q

for me

A

dom

198
Q

for you

A

duit

199
Q

for him

A

dó

200
Q

for her

A

di

201
Q

for us

A

dúinn

202
Q

for yous

A

daoibh

203
Q

for them

A

dóibh

204
Q

from me

A

uaim

205
Q

from you

A

uait

206
Q

from him

A

uaidh

207
Q

from her

A

uaithi

208
Q

from us

A

uainn

209
Q

from them

A

uathu

210
Q

under him

A

faoi

211
Q

under her

A

fúithi

212
Q

under them

A

fúthu

213
Q

in me

A

ionam

214
Q

in you

A

ionat

215
Q

in him

A

ann

216
Q

in her

A

inti

217
Q

in us

A

ionainn

218
Q

in them

A

iontu

219
Q

In his

A

Ina [+h]

220
Q

In her ____

A

Ina [h____]

221
Q

In their ___

A

Ina [urú or n-]

222
Q

In our

A

Inár [urú or n-]

223
Q

the things that are happening

A

na rudaí atá ag tarlú

224
Q

I have ____ it

A

Tá sé (verbal adjective) agam

225
Q

I have left it

A

Tá sé fágtha agam

226
Q

She has spoilt the children

A

Tá na páistí millte aici

227
Q

masculine noun general rule

A

last vowel is broad (leathan)
ends in vowel

228
Q

feminine noun general rule

A

last vowel is slender (caol)

229
Q

masculine rule common exceptions

A

jobs ending in -ir
-ín ending

230
Q

feminine rule common exceptions

A

-eog / óg
-lann
-acht / ocht

231
Q

athair gender

A

masculine

232
Q

buachaill gender

A

masculine

233
Q

comhlacht gender

A

masculine

234
Q

bean gender

A

feminine

235
Q

deirfiúr gender

A

feminine

236
Q

im gender

A

masculine

237
Q

mí gender

A

feminine

238
Q

oíche gender

A

feminine

239
Q

tine gender

A

feminine

240
Q

leaba gender

A

feminine

241
Q

bunreacht gender

A

masculine

242
Q

léine gender

A

feminine

243
Q

banríon gender

A

feminine

Irish Words (7 decks)

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