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Grammer Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

過去完了　had pp
（過去に）～してしまった

A

I had seen my boyfriends when I across the cross.
Had you writen a research paper when you were a graduate school student?

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2
Q

現在完了形　have pp
～してしまった

A

I have known you each other since I was ten
She seems to have lost her keys around here

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3
Q

未来完了 will have pp
～しているでしょう。

A

I will have completed the tasks by tomorrow.
My mother will have been 60 years old next year.

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4
Q

It has been (time) since S V過去形
It is (time) since S V過去形
(time) has passed since S V過去形

A

It has been 20 years since she got started to live here

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5
Q

仮定法過去　If S V過去形, S would V原形
would might should could
～ならば、今頃…であろう

A

If you were the rich, you would use money endlessly
Could you takes actions if I did it now?

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6
Q

仮定法過去完了　If S had pp, S would have pp
would might should could
～していたならば、あの時…だったであろう

A

If the problems had come up and complecated each other, we could not have achieved the goal.
Would you have decided whether you come or not if I had told you the participants of the party?

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7
Q

仮定法過去、過去完了　If S had pp, S would V原形
would might should could
～していたならば、今頃…であろう

A

Could you takes actions if I had done it by then ?
It might changed us if we had met the star.

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8
Q

仮定法未来
If S should V原形, S would V原形 / 命令文　→ありえないこと、１％くらいの確率で起こる
If S were to V原形, S would V原形　→完全に妄想

A

If anyone should call up, say that I’ll be back at 8
If you were to fall down from the bridge, it would be impossible to rescue you

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9
Q

I wish SV過去形　今OOならなー
I wish SV過去完了 昔OOだったならなー

A

I wish I was a rich man.
I wish I had seen the noted person.

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10
Q

I wish　と同じ使い方をするもの

A

How I wish, If only, I’d rather

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11
Q

withoutを使った仮定法
～がなければ　

A

The problem would not have been solved without your help

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12
Q

withoutと同じ仮定法の用法

A

But for ~
If it were not for ~ (Were it not for ~)
If it had been not for ~ (Had it been not for ~)

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13
Q

as if まるで
SV as sv 表す時制がV=vのとき、vは過去形を使用する
SV as sv 表す時制がvのほうが過去のとき、vは過去完了形を使用する

A

She works as if she was an ant
She blames as if he had collapsed the blocks.

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14
Q

used to 過去のことを客観的に伝える

A

He used to eat breakfast in the morning
There used to be a big tree here.

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15
Q

慣れている
be used to ~動詞
be accsutomed to ~名詞

A

He is used to be getting up early
He is accustomed to trains full of people

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16
Q

may well ~

A

mayの意味を強める
you may well get angry with him 彼に対して怒ってもいいよね
It may well rain tonight 今夜はきっと雨だろうね

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17
Q

may as well ~
might as well ~

A

どちらかというと～かな
may as well ~( as not ~)
It is not so far from here, so I might as well walk. 遠くないから歩いてもいいかな

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18
Q

still

A

It was still a popular place
The city became still more modern.
Could you stay still for a moment?

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19
Q

would it be ~?

A

~だろうか？？
Would it be better to have many stuff around you?
たくさんのものを所持することはよいことなのだろうか？

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20
Q

It’s the first time he has driven a car

A

運転するのが初めて。
It’s the first time S have pp

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21
Q

Alex is getting married next month

A

個人的な予定をいう場合はwill ではなく 現在進行形を使ったほうが自然

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22
Q

We were going to go by train

A

電車で行く予定だった。→電車ではいかなかった

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23
Q

I will do it

A

何かを決めた際に使う
意思表示

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24
Q

shall I ~?

A

～しましょうか？
will you ~?は、～やってほしいんだけどな～というニュアンスが入る

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25
Q

She will pass the exam

A

不確実性のある場合はwillを使う→不確実性を表す副詞と相性が良い
probably, surely
I am sure I will ~

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26
Q

I will do if you ask me to do it

A

will文において、if / when 句は現在形。

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27
Q

manage to, be able to

A

具体的なシーンで使用する。
It is difficult for you to manage to escape if a natural disaster happend

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28
Q

There are plenty of hotels in the town. It shouldn’t be hard to find a place to stay

A

shouldは起こりそうな未来に対しても使うことができる

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29
Q

I insisted that he apologise

A

shouldはinsist, recommend, suggest, demand, proposeの後に使用できる。ただし、そのときにshould は省略できる

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30
Q

It’s strange that he should be late
I was surprised that he should say such a thing

A

shouldは起こりそうな未来に対しても使うことができる
遅れるなんて奇妙だ
あんなこと言うなんて驚きだ
strange odd funny typical natural interesting surprised surprising

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31
Q

If the situation should change, we will contact you
Should the situation change, we will contact you

A

shouldを使うことで可能性が低いことを表す
状況がもしも変わったら、連絡するよ

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32
Q

The car won’t start
The car wouldn’t start

A

車はエンジンを始動しようとしない、しなかった
拒絶する、した　のようなニュアンスもある

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33
Q

In summer, if the weather was fine, we would all get up early.
Whenever he was angry, he would walk out of the room

A

天気の良い夏には、朝早く起きていた
彼が起こったときはいつも、部屋を出て行った。
would = used to

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34
Q

Do you mind if I use this pen?

A
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35
Q

Is it all right if I use this pen?

A
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36
Q

Would you like a cup of coffee?

A
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37
Q

I wish you a happy birthday
I hope you have a happy birthday

A

I wish someone something
I hope someone have something

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38
Q

I don’t like being told what to do.

A

受動態の使い方
指示されるのはいやだ
= I don’t like people tell me what to do

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39
Q

Until you come here, I waited playing game.

A

until

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40
Q

By the time she is ordered, she stood upright here

A

by the time ~

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41
Q

Every time you visit Japan, please get in touch with me

A

every time ~

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42
Q

The humbergar shop serves the moment customers order

A

the moment~, the minute, the instant

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43
Q

please be careful the next time you leave here

A

the next time

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44
Q

I can keep your seacrets unless you betray me

A

unless

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45
Q

In case the creature run away, please take a look it

A

in case その生き物が逃げるといけないから，みておいて

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46
Q

you’ll keep your high performance as long as you do it everyday

A

as long as

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47
Q

It would be guilty as far as I know

A

as far as

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48
Q

主観：助動詞　must, will, would(よく～した）
客観：疑似助動詞　have to, be going to, used to

A
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49
Q

may, could, must + have + pp 予想

A

I may (might) have dropped my purse
He must have been an actor when he was young
He can’t have told a lie 嘘をついたはずがない

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50
Q

should, ought to + have + pp 嫌味

A

You should have seen a doctor earlier
He should not have said such a thing to her

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51
Q

What do you desire me to do?

A

desire to

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52
Q

She longs to be a member of the college

A

long to

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53
Q

He offers to join a project

A

offer to　～すると申し出る

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54
Q

the organization schems to install a new system

A

scheme to計画する

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55
Q

the greater resolved to make a proof of the equation

A

resolve to 決心する

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56
Q

I seek to go abroad for a dream come true

A

seek to ～しようと努力する

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57
Q

I can afford to pay that expensive thing

A

can afford to ~ ~する余裕がある

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58
Q

It appears to have passed away from this world

A

appear to ~ ~のようだ

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59
Q

We failed to reach the top of the mountain

A

fail to

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60
Q

He survived the operation, only to die in a car accident

A

必死に運転したが，結局自動車事故で亡くなった
only to ~ 結果的に～しただけ

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61
Q

She went out, never to return

A

never to ~
結果～しない

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62
Q

He seems to be rich
He seems to have been rich
He seemd to be rich
He seemed to have been rich

A

裕福なよう
裕福だったよう
裕福のようだった
裕福だったよう（過去）

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63
Q

The girl was so kind as to take me to the station

A

so ~ as to ~
優しいので（結果）駅に私を連れて行ってくれた

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64
Q

They ran to the theater so as not to be late for the performance

A

so as to ~ ために
遅れないために　走った

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65
Q

I was so sleepy that I couldn’t keep my eyes open

A

so ~ that~
眠かったので目を開けていられなかった

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66
Q

He made us stay late so that we could finish the report by next morning

A

so that~
レポートを終わらせるために

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67
Q

He knows better than to leave his homework completed late last night

A

better than to~ ～しないだけ分別がある，≠するほど馬鹿じゃない

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68
Q

She has no choice but to join the project

A

have no choice but to ~ ~するほかない

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69
Q

Cats’ action has much to do with their insticts

A

has much to do with ~ ~とおおいに関係がある

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70
Q

You statement has nothing to do with our topics

A

have nothing to do with~ ～と全く関係がない

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71
Q

My parents advices have something to do with my actions

A

have something to do with~ ～と少し関係がある

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72
Q

The last point leave nothing to be desired

A

leave nothing to be desired 「望むものがない」状態を「残している」=
申し分がない

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73
Q

His standpoints left much to be desired

A

leave much to be desired 　遺憾な点が多い

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74
Q

You are to blame

A

be to blame 責められる運命＝責められるべき

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75
Q

I cannot bring myself to invest the project

A

cannot bring my self to ~ ~する気になれない

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76
Q

To be sure, he was not there

A

to be sure 確かに

77
Q

to begin with, I will illustrate one diagram

A

to begin with手始めに

78
Q

To do Taro justice, he is very honest

A

to do 人 justice 人を公平に判断すると

79
Q

To make matters worse, the economy is going older

A

to make matters worse さらに悪いことには

80
Q

To say the least, she is amazing

A

to say the least ひかえめに言っても

81
Q

to say nothing of baseball, it can fascinate spectators
needless to say, baseball can fascinate spectators

A

to say nothing of ~ ～は言うまでもなく
not to speak of
not to mention

82
Q

Not to say, skinny, he is slim

A

not to say ~　～とまでは言わないが

83
Q

strange to say

A

strange to say　奇妙なことだが

84
Q

So to speak walking dictionary

A

so to speak いわば

85
Q

She has been eager to join the project

A

be eager to ~ ～したがる

86
Q

He is sure to check for his paper repetedly

A

be sure to ~ 確実に～する

87
Q

His success is due to his sense of humor

A

due to ～のおかげ

88
Q

He is due to return to Japan

A

due to ～する予定

89
Q

The bicycle rider is likely to fall down in the moment

A

be likely to ~ ~しそう

90
Q

My daughter is apt to leave things

A

be apt to~ ~しがち，～する傾向
br liable to ~, be prone to ~

91
Q

After signing the contract, he was bound to fulfill its conditions

A

be bound to ～しなければならない，,
する運命にある

92
Q

The prediction is bound to be wrong

A

be bound to~ ~する運命にある
間違ってるに決まってる

93
Q

意味上の主語
所有格+-ing

A

He insisited on her resting
彼女が休むことを主張した

94
Q

I feel like having dinner

A

feel like -ing ～したい

95
Q

It goes without saying that he won a prize

A

It goes without saying that　いうまでもなく

96
Q

She always wears an apron in cooking

A

in -ing ～するときに

97
Q

On coming home, he switched on the TV

A

on -ing ～するとすぐに

98
Q

There is no telling what happen tomorrow

A

There is no -ing ～できない
明日は何があるかわからん

99
Q

This is a plastic model of ship of my own making

A

~ of onw’s own -ing …が〇〇した~

100
Q

It is no use tracking him

A

it is no use -ing ~しても無駄だ

101
Q

I cannot help playing a game

A

cannot help -ing どうしても～してしまう

102
Q

She cannot print out without finding out wrong point

A

cannot … without -ing …すると必ず～する

103
Q

Diamond is worth protecting

A

be worth -ing ～する価値がある

104
Q

He spends all day in playing a game

A

彼はゲームをして1日を過ごす

105
Q

The dog was careful in walking across the road

A

be carefull in -ing ～するときに気を付ける

106
Q

There is no use submitting report now

A

There is no use -ing ~しても仕方がない

107
Q

he got used to being in his dirty room

A

get used to -ing ～に慣れる
get accustomerd to -ing

108
Q

The staff took to spending extra time at work during the busy season

A

take to -ing ～が習慣になる

109
Q

When it comes to playing baseball, he is like a boy

A

when it comes to -ing ～のことになると

110
Q

I came close to missing my flight

A

come close / near to -ing ~するところだった

111
Q

When I was a student, I devoted myself to plyaing baseball

A

devote oneself to -ing ～するのに専念した
dedicate, commit

112
Q

The manager planned new project with a view to enhancing public support

A

with a view to -ing ～することを目的として

113
Q

Novelists confine themselves to writing

A

confine oneself to -ing ～することに限定する

114
Q

NPO contributes itself to helping the poor

A

contribute oneself to -ing ~することに貢献する

115
Q

What do you say to reading books?

A

What do you say to -ing?　~するのはどうですか？

116
Q

Sleeping is preferable to studying overnight

A

be preferable to -ing ～するよりOOのほうが好ましい

117
Q

She confessed to cheating on other guy

A

confes to -ing　～することを白状する

118
Q

Don’t speak with your mouse full

A

with O C

119
Q

She spoke with tears in her eyes

A

with O C

120
Q

Because there was no objection, they accepted the plan を分詞構文に

A

there being no objection, they accepted the plan

121
Q

A man come up to her, asking her to dance

A

近寄ってきて，（そして），踊りましょうといった

122
Q

The boy sat on the grass, looking at the setting sun

A

座って，（そして）日が沈むのを見た

123
Q

Given the situation, you are likely to win the other

A

その状況を考慮すると，勝ちそうだね
given ～　～を考慮すると

124
Q

Considering all things, you will drop your class

A

すべてを考慮すると落第するだろうね
considering all things

125
Q

Other things being equal, this side is better

A

other things being equal　ほかの条件が同じなら

126
Q

such being the case, the next candidate have to bring a sourvenir

A

such being the case 　そういうわけで

127
Q

weather permitting, next game will begin on time

A

weather permitting 天気が良ければ

128
Q

Your trial can be failed owing to the weather

A

owing to ~ ～が原因で

129
Q

be + being + pp

A

The door is being painted そのドアはペイントされている

130
Q

They heard him sing を受動態に

A

He was heard to sing

131
Q

They heard him singing を受動態に

A

He was heard singing

132
Q

前置詞　＋　when, which
形容詞節　完全文

A

Adults envy the ease with which children gain fluency in another language
子供があっさりと外国語を流ちょうに話せるようになることを大人はよくうらやむ

133
Q

前置詞　＋　what
形容詞節・副詞節　不完全文

A

As he was in hurry, George only gave a brief description of what he wanted our team to do in order to improve the product
ジョージは急いでいたので，製品を改善するために私たちにしてほしいことを簡単に説明しただけだった

134
Q

what one should be

A

人のあるべき姿

135
Q

Reading is to the mind what food is to the body

A

本と精神の関係は食と体の関係と同じ

136
Q

He is what is called a bookworm

A

what is called いわゆる
bookworm 本の虫

137
Q

She is modest, what is more, very beautiful

A

what is more さらには
modest 奥ゆかしい

138
Q

OOever たとえ～ともと訳す

A

Whoever may object this plan, I will carry it out
Whoever breaks this law will be purnished

139
Q

She gave me a book, which I couldn’t understand →明確に関係詞節を表現するには？

A

She gave me a book, which book I couldn’t understand
She gave me a book, which fact I couldn’t understand

140
Q

As is often the case with him, he is late for school on rainy days

A

疑似関係代名詞　AS
As is often the case with　人

141
Q

The committee did not think that mike was quite as qulified for the scholarship as tech succsessfull candidate was.

A

not as ~ as は not >=　と同じ意味。つまり ～ほどじゃない　と訳す

142
Q

He is not so much a scienetist as a poet

A

not so much as A as B
A よりむしろB

143
Q

He is as wise as any man

A

as ~ as any A どのAにも負けず劣らず～だ

144
Q

He is as great a scholar as ever lived

A

as ~ as ever lived きわめて～な

145
Q

He is as poor as poor can be

A

as A as {A} can be この上なくAだ

146
Q

My father doesn’t so much as reach remote controller on the table

A

do not so much as 原形　~さえしない

147
Q

He couldn’t so much as write his own name

A

cannot so much as 原形　~さえできない

148
Q

He entered the office without so much as knocking

A

without so much as -ing　～さえしない

149
Q

The bridge is three times the length of that one

A

X times the 名詞

150
Q

During the morning rush hour they’re twice as bad

A

比較対象が前の文脈からわかるとき，省略される
as bas as this など

151
Q

My brother is the taller of the two

A

the + 比較級 2つのうちで～な方
兄はその2人のうち背が高いほうです

152
Q

I like him all the better for his faults

A

all the 比較級 for ~ (because ~)
allは強調，theはその分だけという意味，for/becauseは理由
その理由の分だけ，（比較級）だ＝～を理由にますますOOだ
欠点があるからなおさら私は彼が好きだ

153
Q

I love him none the less for his faults

A

all the 比較級 for ~ (because ~)の　none版
その欠点があるから好きじゃなくなるなってことはない

154
Q

The older he grew, the poorer his memory became

A

年をとればとるほど，記憶力が衰えていく

155
Q

He is no more intelligent than a monkey

A

彼はサル並みに頭が悪い
no more ~ than A A と同様，まったく～でない
thanの後は一例を提示しているだけ

156
Q

He is no less intelligent than Einstein

A

彼はアインシュタイン級に頭が良い

157
Q

I have no more than 1000 yen

A

1000円しか持ってない　only

158
Q

I have no less than 1000 yen

A

1000円も持っている　as many as

159
Q

I have not more than 1000 yen

A

1000円しか持ってない

160
Q

I have not less than 1000 yen

A

少なくても1000円は持ってる

161
Q

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is

A

クジラは馬同様に魚ではない

162
Q

flying birds
birds flying

A

飛ぶ鳥（永久的）
飛んでいる鳥（一時的）

163
Q

形容詞にも能動，受動がある

A

forget: forgetful(忘れっぽい），forgettable(印象に残らない）
respect: respectful（敬意を示す），respectable（立派な）
envy：envious(嫉妬している），enviable(嫉妬されるぐらい良い）

164
Q

３つのeは単数扱い
each every either neither

A
165
Q

always 100%
usually generally 80%
often frequently 60%
sometimes 50%
occationally 20%
seldom rarely 10%
hardly ever, scarcely ever 5%
not, never 0%

A
166
Q

so, as, too, how, however

A

She is so great a singer
普通なら　She is a very good singer

167
Q

Bill is rich enough to buy that car

A

ビルはあの車を買えちゃうくらい金持ちです
enough は形容詞に対して後ろから修飾する

168
Q

say to 人 that~
suggest to 人 that~
explain to 人 that~
apologize to 人 that~

A

A teacher said to me that I should keep doing anything for my future

169
Q

S suggest that s {should} 原形　命令文で使う ※実際にはshould は仮定法現在
suggest propose recommend advise advocate insist request require demand ask order command urge decide determine

A

His mother suggested us that we be under a little bit stressful environment to enhance our skills.

170
Q

It is 命令形容詞 that s {should} 原形　※実際にはshould は仮定法現在
命令形容詞
important crucial vital essential necessary indispensable imperative advisable desirable preferable anxious

A

It is vital that the document be neat and clearly worded

171
Q

It is 感情形容詞 that s should 原形
It is 感情形容詞 that s 直説法
感情形容詞
shocking （嫌な，ぎょっとするような）
annoying, irrritating（嫌な）
surprising, alarming（驚くべき）
strange, odd（奇妙な）

A

It is strange that he should not know it

172
Q

on

A

接触の意
～中　on a diet
依存　depends on ~
影響　have influence on~, impose A on B

173
Q

for

A

方向性
substitute A for B Bをほんとは使いたいんだけど，Aを使う

範囲を限定
He looks younge for his age 彼の年齢の割には若い　「わりには」

174
Q

of

A

分離・所有
be independent of ~ ～から独立

175
Q

with

A

もともと対立の意
She is angry with him

176
Q

The announcement of our captain’s resignation took us by surprise

A

驚かせることで捕まえた
by surprise 驚かせることにより→驚かせて

177
Q

You were lucky in that you were able to get an education.
Both sides were wrong in that they were engaged in war.

A

in that ～　～だから

178
Q

Now that things are better, we should talk about the problem.
Now that you put it that way, I sort of agree with you.

A

now that ~ いまや～だから
put it that way 言い方を変える

179
Q

Even if you do not want to do it, you have to be involved it that project

A

even if, even though

180
Q

It doesn’t matter to me whether you are good or bad. I need you.

A

君が善人だろうが悪人だろうが僕には関係ないね。君が必要なんだよ。
whether節　～してもしなくても　接続詞

181
Q

You have to smoke where you’re allowed to.
Put the book back where it was.

A

喫煙エリア（煙草を吸えるところ）で煙草を吸わないとだめですよ。
その本を元の場所に戻しなさい。
where ～するところで　接続詞

182
Q

I had no sooner uttered the words than I regretted them
No sooner had I sat back and relaxed than my wife asked me to do the chore.

A

no sooner vs than SV vsするとすぐにSVする
その言葉を発してすぐに後悔した
私がソファーに腰かけるとすぐに妻が家事を頼んできた

183
Q

Hardly had I left home when it began to rain
We had gotten home when it stopped raining.

A

hardly vs when SV vsするとすぐにSVする　
家を出たらすぐに雨が降り始めた (ほとんど家を出ていないころに，雨が降り始めた)
私たちは、雨がやんだとき、すでに家に着いていた

184
Q

Despite the fog, I went for a walk.

A

霧にもかかわらず私は散歩に出かけた。
despite, in spite of

185
Q

For all his knowledge, he can’t find a job.

A

あれだけの知識があっても、彼は仕事が見つからない。
for all ~にもかかわらず

186
Q

Notwithstanding her parents’ strong objections, she flew to the UK to marry Jeff.
Notwithstanding the long-running debate, there was no progress on the issue.

A

notwithstanding ～にも関わらず　前置詞、副詞、接続詞
両親の強い反対にもかかわらず、ジェフと結婚するためイギリスへと渡った
長期にわたる議論にも関わらず、その問題には何の進展もなかった

187
Q

Second of all, the EU is treading very cautiously lest it should create the impression that it is “jumping the gun,”

A

lest s should ~ sが～しないように　should はよく省略される　新聞などのかたい文章で出てくる
第二に、欧州連合はフライングをしているという印象を作り出さないように、非常に慎重に事を進めています。

188
Q

He studied hard for fear that he should fail.

A

彼は失敗するといけないので一生懸命勉強した。
for fear that s should ~　sが～しないように

189
Q

I don’t remember anything except that he was wearing a hat.

A

私は彼が帽子をかぶっていたこと以外は何も覚えていません。

English (8 decks)

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