grammatic Flashcards
This x That
This: used when the object is near me
** this is my book / this ruler is mine
That: used when the object is far from me
** that notebook is red / that’s the clock
Simple Present (he, she and it)
kiss wash study carry play have
- verbs finished in “s, sh, ch, x, o” we add “es” : kisses / washes / fixes
- verbs finished in consonant + Y for “ies”: studies / carries
- verbs finished in vowel+ Y, we just add “s”: plays / pays
ATTENTION: have is irregular, so we use “has”
Do / don’t
Does / doesn’t
The auxiliares is used to make Simple Present in negative and interrogative form
Do / don’t : I, you, we and they
Does / doesn’t: He, she and it
**remember: when we use the auxiliary, the verb goes back to its base form ALWAYS!!
Directions:
turn right / left cross the street pass by the.. / go pass the.. go ahead / straight / along go down the street
vire à direita / esquerda atravesse a rua passar pelo.. siga em frente desça a rua
Directions:
across from next to behind between far from here
em frente de.. perto de.. atrás entre longe
There is / are
A or An
There: used to indicate people, situation, objects..
A or An: used in singular discriptions
examples:
- There is a girl reading a book
- There is an international airport in SP
Present Continuous
have, drink, fly, know, open, write, want, dance, be
have (simple present, or use “having” for dinner, meal or conversation) drinking flying know (simple present) opening writing want (simple present) dancing being
Present Continuous
see, like, agree, run, need, imagine, get, listen, die, hope, lie
seeing like (simple present) agreeing running need (simple present) imagine (simple present) getting listening dying hope (simple present) lying
Present Continuous
want, like, need, know, hope, imagine, love, enjoy, prefer, understand, hate, have
All of them we don’t use in present continuous, we use in simple present
have: can be use as “having” with meal or conversation
- Im having dinner
- we are having a conversation/ chat
Plural
car, pencil, glass, dish, tomato, topaz, cherry, city, knife, leaf
- for words finished in “s, sh, ch, x, o, z” we add “es”
- for the most of the words we just add “s”
- for words finished in consonant + Y, we change “Y” for “IES”
- words finished in “F or FE”, we change for “VES”
Plural
fish, information, equipament, sheep, deer, advice
For these words, the plural is the same as a singular form
Plural
rádio, child, studio, piano, mouse, photo, foot, tooth, zoo, quiz, man
Exceptions to the rule of “ES”:
radios, studios, pianos, photos, zoos, quizzes
Irregular forms: man - men child - children foot - feet ox - oxen goose - geese mouse - mice tooth - teeth
Birthday x Aniversary
Birthday: a day that I born
- my birthday is August 28th
Aniversary: it’s a celebration
- married, city…
What is it mean: ‘s ?
- Contract form of verb to be
- Genetive case: used to say that something belongs to someone
- boy’s toys, Janie’s cats, John and Mary’s house
**Don’t use with two inanimate things (the door’s of my house)
Simple Past
dance, cry, play, look, clean, stop, fix, pray, borrow
danced cried played looked cleaned stopped fixed prayed borrowed
Simple Past
bring, read, drink, see, speak, know, say, be, think, eat, have
There are all irregulares:
brought read (pronuncia: passado red, presente rid) drunk saw spoke knew said was / were thought ate had
When x While
When: used to describe a past event which was interrupted for another one
- we were watching tv when my father arrived home
While: used to describe two actions at the same time
- I was watching tv while my mother was preparing the dinner
Present Perfect
Used to describe actions that started in the past and continue up to the present
Also describe actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past
Structure: subject + has/ have + past participle + complement
Just
Ever
Already
Yet
Just: recent past event (+)
Ever: to ask about life experiences (?)
Already: actions that happened sooner than expected (+,?)
Yet: something that hasn’t happened until now (-, ?)
+ affirmative
? interrogative
- negative
Never
For
Since
Never: answer about life experiences (+)
For: actions that still continue (+)
Since: a point in time until now (+)
Some or Any
Both can be used with “there” to plural descriptions.
Some to affirmative
- There are some words that I don’t know
Any to interrogayive and negative
examples:
- There aren’t any apples on this tree
- Are there any books on this table?
to rent
realtor
landlord
lease
alugar
corretor imobiliário
proprietário
contrato de aluguel
Present Perfect x Simple Past
- PP: an action that happened in an indefinite time
- I’ve bought a Coldplay CD
- SP: an action that happened in a definite time
* I bought a Coldplay CD last week
Present Perfect x Simple Past
- PP: unfinished actions
- They have worked together for five years
(they still work together)
- SP: finished actions
*They worked together for five years
they don’t work together anymore
Present Perfect x Simple Past
- PP: finished action with a result in the present
*Dan has broken his leg recently
(he can’t walk now)
- SP: finished actions with no result in the present
* Dan broke his leg recently
now, he is fine
Present Perfect x Simple Past
- PP: finished action in someone’s life. The person is still alive
- I’ve been to NY several times (I’m alive)
- SP: finished action in someone’s life. The person is dead
* My grandfather went to NY three times (he died last year)
Places:
lake river waterfall craft fair amusement park
lago rio cachoeira feira de artesanato parque de diversões
At the immigration:
- What are you going to do here?
- What kind of study programmer are you applying for?
- How much money do you have in your wallet?
- Could you show me your passport?
- Where are you going to stay?
Just practice the answers
