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ELA - Grammar > Grammar Terms > Flashcards

Grammar Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a concrete noun?

A

Something physical. Things that we can see, count, or measure.

For example: dog, cat, food

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2
Q

What is an abstract noun?

A

Not physical

For example: Sadness, happiness, freedom, permission, experience

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3
Q

What is a linking verb?

A

When you want to connect one idea to another. Shows what something is.

For example:
My cat smells like fish.
The bear looks sad.

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4
Q

What is a helping verb?

A

Helps the verb and the tense.

For example:
Bryan is eating pizza.
Bryan was eating pizza.

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5
Q

What is a modal verb?

A

Expresses conditions. The likelihood, certainty that something will happen, the ability to do something, the permission to do something and the obligation to do something.

For example:
He must’ve gone that way!

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6
Q

What is a pronoun?

A

A word that stands in for other words.

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7
Q

What is a personal pronoun?

A

Words that stand in for other words, but change depending on the way you use them.

For example: I, you, she, he, it, they, etc.

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8
Q

What is a possessive pronoun?

A

The pronouns that states that you own it. This can be an adjective or a noun.

Sentence Examples:
That is my book. -> my is describing book
That book is mine. -> book is connected to mine

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9
Q

What is a reflexive pronoun?

A

Reflexive of the personal pronoun. Use when the subject and the object of the sentence is the same thing.

For example:
Personal -> Reflexive
Me Myself
Us ourselves

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10
Q

What is an object pronoun?

A

Pronoun that cannot be a subject and lives in the predicate. Goes in the object of the sentence.
They are personal and reflexive pronouns.

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11
Q

What is a relative pronoun?

A

Pronouns that link independent and dependent clauses.
Who, whom, whose, that , which

For example:
The salad that I bought was wilted.

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12
Q

What is an indefinite pronoun?

A

Undefined and uncertain pronouns.

1.) can be subjects or objects

2.) both, neither, and either retain dual form
I like both equally

3.) usually treasured singularly.
Everyone knows I like garlic. -> knows is singular

Some examples: any, anybody, each, everyone, nobody, someone

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13
Q

What is an emphatic pronoun?

A

Intensifiers. You can take out emphatic pronouns out and it’ll still make sense

For example:
The princess herself ten the marathon.

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14
Q

What is an adjective?

A

Modifiers that change a noun in a sentence. Adds more detail

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15
Q

What is an article (determiner)?

A

A kind of adjective that helps you determine how important something is. Gives specifics

For example:
The elephant = specific and definite
An elephant = unspecific and indefinite

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16
Q

What is an adverb?

A

Modifies everything that is not a noun. Usually ends with an -ly.

For example:
Vanessa was very hungry
I ran quickly.

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17
Q

What is a relative adverb?

A

Something that can be used to connect two clauses.

For example:
This is the place where I saw it.
I was able to ride a bike when I was 7.
I don’t know why he did that.

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18
Q

What is a determiner?

A

Something that goes with the noun or noun phrase to shape its meaning

For example: a, an, the

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19
Q

What is a preposition?

A

Words that ties noun to other information in the sentence.

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20
Q

What is a prepositional phrase?

A

A phrase that can work as an adjective describing a noun or a adverb describing a verb.

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21
Q

What is a conjunction?

A

A word the joins words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.

For example: and, but, either, etc.

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22
Q

What is an interjection?

A

Outbursts that indicate strong emotion.

For example: ouch! Awesome!

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23
Q

What is an affix? Name the types of affixes.

A

An affix is a thing that gets added to a word.

Prefixes, Suffixes, and infixes are types or affixes

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24
Q

What is a contraction?

A

A word formed when two words are combined into one and lose a letter (or several) in there process

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25
Q

What is a subject?

A

The noun or pronoun that does the action or is something.

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26
Q

What is the predicate?

A

What finishes the sentence
Usually the verb and the direct object

27
Q

What is a direct object?

A

Something that follows the action verb

Answers the questions:
“Whom?” Or “what?”

28
Q

What is an indirect object?

A

Falls in between the action verb and the direct object.

Answers:
“For whom or what?”
“To whom or what?”

29
Q

What is the object of preposition?

A

A noun or a pronoun or sometimes a whole clause that follows a preposition or finishes a preposition phrase

30
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction

31
Q

What is a complex sentence?

A

Dependent clause attached to an independent clause

32
Q

What is a subordinator?

A

A word that links a clause to another clause making it a dependent or subordinate clause

Usually relative pronouns or subordinating conjunctions.

33
Q

What is a relative pronouns?

A

Who, whom, which, that and their indefinite forms.

Can serve as the subject or an object in a clause and introduces more information

34
Q

What is a subordinating conjunction?

A

Conjunctions such as until, unless, if, how, wherever, because, after, and although that indicate a time frame or a consequence

35
Q

What is a prepositional phrase?

A

Something that modifies things in a sentence (like adj. or adv.)

Answers: “what kind?” or “which one?” (As an adjective)

Answers: “where?”, “when?”, “how?” or “why?” (as an adverb)

36
Q

What is a noun phrase?

A

A noun unit

noun + determiners + adj + other things that modify a noun

37
Q

What is a verb phrase?

A

Verb + adv. or objects that go with it

38
Q

What is an infinitive phrase?

A

A phrase that uses the infinitive form of the verb (to ~)

39
Q

What is a participial phrase?

A

A phrase that functions like an adjective.
Modifies the subject

40
Q

What is mood ?

A

Something that reflects the speaker’s perspective.

41
Q

What is the indicative mood?

A

The most common mood that states a fact, asks a question, or expresses an opinion

For example: We’re studying for math.

42
Q

What is the subjunctive mood?

A

The mood that is used for hypothetical and contrary to the fact situations, as well as wishes and requests.

For example: If it hadn’t rained, we would’ve gone to the park.

43
Q

What is voice? What are the two voices?

A

Indicates the focus of the action.
Who’s doing it or Who is having it done to them.

Voices: Active or Passive

44
Q

What is the active voice?

A

The simple: subject-verb or subject-verb-object structure.

The subject is doing the verb

For example: We’re studying for the exam

45
Q

What is the passive voice?

A

Takes the direct object and makes it the subject.

Structure where who does the action is unknown or unimportant.

For example:
The tuna was eaten by the cat

46
Q

What is a transitive action verb?

A

A verb that takes the direct object.

For example:
Cade likes cakes.

47
Q

What is an intransitive action verb?

A

A verb that doesn’t have a direct object, but still talks about an action.

For example:
Molly runs every morning.

48
Q

What is a modal verb?

A

A group of helping verbs that let you know if something is possible, allowed, suggested, or necessary

49
Q

What is a phrasal verb?

A

A verb phrase that functions more like an adverb. Don’t necessarily need to have an object.

For example: How do you put up with all of that noise

(“Put up with” is the phrasal verb)

50
Q

What are verbals? What are the three verbals?

A

Verbs that have forms that act like another part of speech?

The three verbals are: participles, gerunds, and infinitives

51
Q

What is a participle?

A

A verb that acts like an adjective

For example:
A compelling story, the chosen one etc.

52
Q

What is a gerund?

A

A verb that acts like a noun. Always in the -ing form of a verb.

For example: The park offers hiking and biking.

53
Q

What is an infinitive?

A

The to form of the verb that also functions as a noun.

For example:
To write likes professional, learn the rules.

54
Q

What is a determiner?

A

A special kind of modifier. Comes in front of a noun phrase to tell us what the noun is referring to or in relation to, and whether it’s specific or general.

Determiners fall into several categories:
Articles, demonstratives, possessives, quantifiers, and interrogatives.

55
Q

What is an article?

A

The/a/an

Can be either definite (the) of indefinite (an).

56
Q

What is a demonstrative?

A

This, these, that, those

Point out something specific about the noun and can contrast it with another noun.

57
Q

What is a possessive?

A

Marks who or what something belongs to or is associated with.

For example:
The company’s headquarters.

58
Q

What is a quantifier?

A

Something that tells us “how much” or “how many.” Can be a specific number or an amount such as all, most, some, few, none.

59
Q

What are interrogatives?

A

What, which, whose

Asks for a specific detail

For example:
Which car did you get?

60
Q

What is a compound noun? What are the three ways a compound noun can occur?

A

A noun phrase that becomes ingrained as a unit and is treated as a single noun.

Three compound nouns are:
Close compounds
Open compounds
And Hyphenated compounds

61
Q

What is a closed compound noun?

A

Nouns that have fused into a single word

For example:
Cheeseburger, website, basketball

62
Q

What is a open noun compound?

A

Individual words treated as a unit

For example:
Garage sale, parking lot

63
Q

What is a hyphenated compound?

A

Compounds that are “stuck together” with hyphens

For example:
Self-esteem, bird-watcher, bride to be

ELA - Grammar (3 decks)

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