Grammar rules Flashcards
Stress - words with long vowels
stress the last long vowel in the word
Stress - words with short vowels only
Stress the third-to-last vowel unless there are only 2 vowels, in which case stress the second-to-last
Stress - words ending in a syllable with two consonants
Stress this last syllable (e.g aHubb, wasalt, atkallamt)
What is the traditional arabic order of conjugation?
Because there is no infinitive, the third person singular is used as the reference point. The order is;
he
she
they
you (m, sg)
you (f, sg)
you (pl)
I
we
Conjugate the verb ‘to study’ in the past perfect tense.
he studied - daras she studied - darasat they studied - darasu you (m) studied - darast you (f) studied - darasti you (p) studied - darastu I studied - darast we studied - darasna
What is the past perfect tense also called?
The suffix tense
Conjugate the verb ‘to know’ in the past perfect tense
He knew - 9irif she knew - 9irifat they knew - 9irifu you (m) knew - 9irift you (f) knew - 9irifti you (pl) knew - 9iriftu I knew - 9irif we knew - 9irifna
Conjugate the verb ‘to speak’ in the past perfect tense (verb type; doubled middle consonant)
He spoke - atkallam she spoke - atkallamat they spoke - atkallamu you spoke (m) - atkallamt you spoke (f) - atkallamti you spoke (pl) - atkallamtu I spoke - atkallamt we spoke - atkallamna
Conjugate the verb ‘to introduce’ in the past perfect tense (verb type; doubled middle consonant)
He introduced - 9arraf she introduced - 9arrafat they introduced - 9arrafu you introduced (m) - 9arraft you introduced (f) - 9arrafti you introduced (pl) - 9arraftu I introduced - 9arraft we introduced - 9arrafna
Refering to languages
if you are saying ‘the x language’ e.g. the arabic language, the adjective (arabic) has to agree with lugha (), which is feminine. Thus; al-lugha l-9arabiyya.
If the name of the language is standing alone (e.g; ‘arabic’) then it is normally masculine; 9arabi.
The present tense of ‘to study’
he studies - yidrus she studies - tidrus they study - yidrusu you (m) study - tidrus you (f) study - tidrusi you (pl) study - tidrusu I study - adrus we study - nidrus
The present tense of ‘to know’
he knows - yi9rif she knows - ti9rif they know - yi9rifu you (m) know - ti9rif you (f) know - ti9rifi you (pl) know -ti9rifu I know - a9rif we know -ni9arif
present tense of ‘to speak’
he speaks - yitkallam she speaks - titkallam they speak - yitkallamu you (m) speak - titkallam you (f) speak - titkallami you (pl) speak - titkallamu I speak - atkallam we speak - nitkallam
present tense of ‘to introduce’
he introduces - yi9arrif she introduces - ti9arrif they introduce - yi9arrifu you (m) introduce - ti9arrif you (f) introduce - ti9arrifi you (pl) introduce - ti9arrifu I introduce - a9arrif we introduce - ni9arrif
How does عليه change for different people?
عليه = ''alee = upon him upon her = aleeha upon them = aleehum upon you (m) = aleek upon you (f) = aleeki upon you (pl) = aleekum upon myself = alayya upon us = aleena
