Grammar Rules Flashcards

1
Q

Depuis - since

A

Always used with present tense
(e.g. J’habite en Malaisie depuis lundi)

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2
Q

Comparative with adjectives

A
  • aussi + adj + que (as…as)
  • plus + adj + que (more…than)
  • moins + adj + que (less…than)
  • autant que (as many/ much)
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3
Q

Comparative with nouns

A
  • plus de + noun + que (more of…than)
  • moins de + noun + que (less of…than)
  • autant de + noun + que (as many/ much)
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4
Q

Superlative

A
  • le/la/les plus + adj (the most…)
  • le/la/les moins + adj (the least…)
  • le/la/les plus/ moins + adj + de/ de la/ des
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5
Q

Irregular comparing

A

BAGS - adj

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6
Q

-ION ending words in English

A

Are always feminine in French
Are exactly the same

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7
Q

DOP (direct object pronoun)

A

Stands in front of the verb
Replaced the noun

Me - me (m’), you - te (t’), him - le (l’), her - la (l’), us - nous, you - vous, them - les

In past - placed before the auxiliary verb
In future - placed in between 2 verbs

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8
Q

Negatives

A
  • ne … plus -> no longer/ more
  • ne … pas -> not
  • ne … jamais -> never
  • ne … rien -> nothing
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9
Q

Possessive pronouns

A

Gender of the object, not the gender of the person
(e.g. her pen - son stylo)

My - mon/ ma/ mes
Your - ton/ ta/ tes
His - son/ sa/ ses
Our - notre/ notre/ nos
Your - votre/ votre/ vos
Their - leur/ leur/ leurs

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10
Q

Adjectival Agreement

A

m.s. - un pall vert_
f.s. - une table vertE
m.pl. - les abres vertS
f.pl. - les salades vertES

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11
Q

Hair + Eyes

A

Always go with “avoir” - to have
(e.g. j’ai les cheveux marrons)

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12
Q

BAGS adjectives

A

Go before the noun
Irregular

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13
Q

B - beauty

A

Beau (bel) -> belle -> beaux -> belles
Joli -> jolie -> jolis -> jolies

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14
Q

A - age

A

Jeune -> jeune -> jeunes -> jeunes
Vieux (vieil) -> vieille -> vieux -> vieilles
Nouveau (nouvel) -> nouvelle -> nouveaux -> nouvelles

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15
Q

G - goodness

A

Bon -> bonne -> bons -> bonnes
Mauvais -> mauvaise -> mouvais -> mauvaises

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16
Q

S - size

A

Grand -> grande -> grands -> grandes
Petit -> petite -> petits -> petites

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17
Q

Adjective - plural

A

Usually:
masculine/ feminine -> add “s”

Sometimes:
- al –> -aux
- eau –> -eaux

18
Q

Reflexive verbs in past

A

Use “être” as their auxiliary
(e.g. je me suis lavé)

19
Q

Past participle and gender agreement

A
  • add “e” for feminine = elle est partie
  • add “s” for masculine plural = nous sommes arrivés
  • add “es” for feminine plural = elles sont tombées
20
Q

I’m cold/hot/wrong/right/scared

A

j’AI froid/ chaud/ fort/ raison/ peur

21
Q

Extra masculine forms

A

Masculine forms before the “h” letter (such as homme - man)
- vieux -> vieil
- beau -> bel
- nouveau -> nouvel

22
Q

Positive past reflexive

A

Subject -> reflexive pronoun -> etre verb conjugated -> main verb in past

(e.g. Je me suis douché )

23
Q

Negative past reflexive

A

Subject -> ne -> reflexive pronoun -> etre verb conjugated -> pas -> main verb in past

(e.g. Je ne me suis pas douché)

24
Q

Après avoir

A

“Après avoir” - after having –> is always followed by past participle

(e.g. After eating, I went out - après avoir mangé, je suis sorti)

25
While ....ing
En + le verbe au présent avec "nous" minus "-ons" ending + ant (e.g. écouter -> en écoutant)
26
Excepting for "while ...ing" rule
- Avoir -> ayant - Etre -> étant - Savoir -> sachant
27
Articles before countries vs cities
Use le/la/les before countries: L'Espagne NO article before cities: Ipoh/ Kuala Lumpur
28
Vouloir
Je veux Tu veux Il/ elle veut Nous voulons Vous voulez Ils/ elles veulent
29
Pouvoir
Je peux Tu peux Il/ elle peut Nous pouvons Vous pouvez Ils/ elles peuvent
30
Devoir
Je dois Tu dois Il/ elle doit Nous devons Vous devez Ils/ elles doivent
31
Savoir
Je sais Tu sais Il/ elle sait Nous savons Vous savez Ils/ elles souvent
32
Avant de
"Avant de" - before doing --> is always followed by infinitive (e.g. Before going to bed... - avant de me coucher...)
33
Etant donne....
Giving that....
34
Imperative = command
Conjugate the verb to "vous/tu" e.g. Manges (tu) vite! Ecoutez (vous) bien! Except for etre => tu - sois; vous - soyez
35
Particle "en"
Replace the noun with "en" and put immediately before the verb e.g. J'en mange tous les jours
36
Particle "y"
Replaces the place with "y" and put immediately before the verb e.g. Je vais a Paris = J'y vais
37
Il faut On doit On ne doit pas Il faudrait On ne devrait pas On devrait
You should You must You mustn't You should You don't have to You have to
38
Articles
Un/ une -> singular, unspecific - "a" La/le/les -> specific, s&p - "the" Du/ de la/ des -> "some" Ce (cet)/ cette/ ces -> "this" Celui/ celle -> "this one" Ceux/ celles -> "that one" Ce-la/ cette-la/ ces-la -> "that"
39
Venir de + infinitive
=> I've just.... Je - viens Tu - viens Il/ elle - vient e.g. Je viens de vendre - I've just sold
40
Indirect Object Pronoun (COI)
Replaces the noun + comes before the verb => "to whom" me - to me te - to you lui - to him nous - to us vous - to you leur - to them e.g. Je lui donne des bonbons
41
Quand + futur
Quand + vrb au futur +vrb au futur e.g. J'irai au France quand j'aurai de l'argent