Grammar Quiz #3 Prep Flashcards
What is a Clause?
A “complete” group of words, in the sense that it contains a subject and predicate. It is different from a Phrase, which is an incomplete group words
What is a Phrase?
A small, “incomplete” group of words, in the sense that it communicates a concept, but does not create a full sentence.
How many types of Clauses are there? What are they?
There are 4 types of Clauses (that we are covering in English class this year)
- Independent Clause: Subject & Predicate
- Dependent (or) Subordinate Clause: Conjunction/Incomplete sentence
- Adjective Clause: Dependent Clause describing noun
- Noun Clause: Dependent Clause taking form of a Noun
How many types of Phrases are there? What are they?
There are 7 types of Phrases (that we are covering in English class this year)
- Noun Phrase: Group of words functioning as a noun
- Prepositional Phrase: Modifying Phrase with a Preposition and object
- Adjective Phrase: Modifying Phrase that is headed by an adjective and supports it
- Adverb Phrase: Modifying Phrase that is headed by a verb and supports it
- Infinitive Phrase: Phrase with an Infinitive, objects, and/or modifiers
- Gerund Phrase: Phrase with a Gerund, objects, and/or modifiers
- Participial Phrase: Phrase with a Participle, Modifier, and/or a Pronoun or Noun Phrase
What is an Adjective Clause and an example of one?
A (dependent) clause that provides additional information for/about a noun within the same sentence.
e.g: “The cake that she bought was delicious!”
In this example sentence, “that she bought” is our adjective clause, and it describes “The cake”
What is a Noun Clause and an example of one?
A (dependent) clause that functions as a noun within a sentence.
e.g: “She didn’t know why the pen wasn’t working.”
In this example sentence, “why the pen wasn’t working” is our noun clause.
(REMEMBER THAT FOR A GROUP OF WORDS TO BE A CLAUSE, IT MUST HAVEA SUBJECT AND PREDICATE!!!)
What is a Noun Phrase and an example of one?
A group of words that functions as a noun within a sentence.
e.g: “My green gym socks are in the dryer.”
In this example sentence, “My green gym socks” is our noun phrase.
What is a Prepositional Phrase and an example of one?
A modifying group of words with a preposition, object, and any modifiers.
e.g: “The tiger crept over the grass.”
In this example sentence, “over the grass” is our prepositional phrase.
What is an Adjective Phrase and an example of one?
A group of words that modifies a noun within a sentence.
e.g: “She had insanely enticing eyes.”
In this example sentence, “insanely enticing” is our adjective phrase, as it describes “eyes”.
What is an Adverb Phrase and an example of one?
A group of words that modifies/explains a verb within a sentence.
e.g: “He would not do a bungee jump because he was a pussy.”
In this example sentence, “because he was a pussy” is our adverb phrase, and it tells us WHY “he would not do a bungee jump”.
What is an Infinitive Phrase and an example of one?
A group of words with an infinitive form, object, and any modifiers.
e.g: “I want to bury the treasure quickly”
In this example sentence, “to bury the treasure quickly” is our infinitive phrase.
(If you forgot, an infinitive is the very base form of a verb, not bound to time as if it ended in “-ed” or “-ing”)
What is a Gerund Phrase and an example of one?
A group of words with a gerund, object, and any modifiers.
e.g: “Slowly eating popcorn, we watched until the end of the film.”
In this example sentence, “Slowly eating popcorn” is our gerund phrase.
(If you forgot, a gerund is a verb that acts as a noun, ending in “-ing”)
What is a Participial Phrase and an example of one?
A group of words with a participle, object, and any modifiers.
e.g: “Eaten alive by mosquitoes, we regretted ever going camping.”
In this example sentence, “Eaten alive by mosquitoes” is our participial phrase (“Eaten alive by mosquitoes” describes “we”)
(If you forgot, a participle is a word formed from a verb which acts as an adjective)
How can you tell a Clause from a Phrase?
Easy! A Clause will always have a subject and a predicate, while a Phrase will not.
If Independent and Dependent Clauses both have a subject and predicate, what’s the difference between the two?
An Independent Clause will have a subject and predicate while expressing a full idea. A Dependent Clause can have a subject and predicate, but will not express a full, coherent idea.
