Grammar Points

Question 1

よう・みたい

Answer 1

States your understanding of a situation based on what you have actually seen, felt, or perceived. mitai is slightly more colloquial.
Both follow the plain form, and conjugate like -na adjectives.

Question 2

そう　（Information)

Answer 2

Passes on information that you have gained from another source. Typically reflects the speaker’s own summary.
Follows plain form (basic) and conjugates like -na adjectives except that it never appears in past or negative.

Question 3

～ておく

Answer 3

Perform an action in advance, or to maintain a state of readiness.

Question 4

はず

Answer 4

Used after an assertion that you have grounds to believe is true.
Is a noun, so follows plain form (noun-modifying).

Question 5

らしい

Answer 5

States something that you guess to be true based on other information, but that you do not wish to be held accountable for.
Conjugates like an i-adjective.

Question 6

そう（Impression)

Answer 6

Expresses what the state of a person seems or feels to you.
E.g. These cookies look delicious, don’t they?
このクッキー、おいしそうですね。

Question 7

のに

Answer 7

Before noni comes a description of　circumstances　that　have　already　occured,　or　are　certain　to　occur,　while　following　comes a statement that goes contrary to expectation.

Question 8

ため

Answer 8

Indicates a cause of reason.
E.g. The road is blocked because it is under construction.
工事中のため、この町は通れません。

Question 9

ようになる

Answer 9

Something that was not possible has now become so.
E.g. in one week I became able to read hiragana.
一週間でひらがなが読めるようになりました。

Question 10

～てくる

Answer 10

Indicates a change going from past to present

Question 11

～ていく

Answer 11

Indicates a change going on from present to future