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JLPT > Grammar N5 > Flashcards

Grammar N5 Flashcards

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JLPT N5 flashcards
1
Q

ちゃいけない

A

must not do (spoken Japanese) (“if you do~then its no good” = must not)
↪男の人は中へ入れちゃいけない - must not let the man inside
↪入れる⇒入れて⇒入れちゃ

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2
Q

じゃいけない

A

must not do (spoken Japanese) (“if you do~then its no good” = must not)
used when te form ends in で
↪死んじゃいけない - must not die
↪死ぬ⇒死んで⇒死んじゃ

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3
Q

じゃだめ / ちゃだめ

A

must not do (spoken Japanese, more emotional)
↪入れちゃだめ (te-form w/ て)
↪死んじゃだめ (te-form w/ で)

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4
Q

だ

A

to be (informal/casual of です)

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5
Q

だから

A

because; so; that’s why
[i adj/verb + から]
↪寒いから、ジャケットを着ます- because its cold i wore a jacket
↪おなかすいた、だから。。。-im hungry, so…
[na adj/noun + だから]
↪学生だから、。。。 - because hes a student…

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6
Q

だけ

A

only; just; as much as
↪一人だけ - only / just one person
↪取るだけ - only / just need to take
↪できるだけ - to do as much as you can

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7
Q

でしょう

A

I think; it seems; probably; right? (polite)
↪明日は雨が降るでしょう - it will probably rain tomorrow
↪かわいいでしょう - its cute, right?

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8
Q

だろう

A

I think; it seems; probably; right? (casual)
↪明日は雨が降るだろう - it will probably rain tomorrow
↪かわいいだろう - its cute, right?

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9
Q

で (not location)

A

with, by
↪ペンシルで書きます - write with a pen
↪車で行く- go by car

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10
Q

どうして

A

why; for what reason; how
↪どうしてゲームが好きですか

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11
Q

どうやって

A

how; in what way; by what means​
↪駅までどうやって行きますか

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12
Q

が (not subject marker, mid sentence)

A

but, however
↪日本語を読むことはできますが、話すことはできません

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13
Q

方がいい (ほうがいい)

A

had better; it’d be better to; should
↪勉強する方がいい - you should study
↪勉強した方がいい - it would be better if you studied

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14
Q

一番（いちばん)

A

the most; the best
↪ケーキが一番好きな食べ物です - cake is my fav food

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15
Q

一緒に（いっしょに）

A

together
↪友達と一緒に学校に行く

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16
Q

ではない

A

to not be (am not; is not; are not) (formal)
↪人間ではない - i am not human

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17
Q

じゃない

A

to not be (am not; is not; are not) (casual)
↪仕事をさがすだけじゃない

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18
Q

nounかnoun

A

or
↪ケーキかピザ

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19
Q

から

A

from

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20
Q

けど

A

but; however; although (contradicting statements)
↪仕事はつらいけど、楽しいです - work is tough but its fun

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21
Q

けれども

A

but; however; although (more formal than けど) (contradicting statements)
↪仕事はつらいです。けれども、楽しいです - work is tough, however, its fun

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22
Q

Noun + くらい / ぐらい

A

about, approximately
↪五時ぐらいに。。。- at about 5 oclock

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23
Q

Noun + くらい / ぐらい
(not ‘about/approximately’)

A

at least, at the very least
↪一度ぐらいテニスしたくない - wouldnt you like to play tennis atleast once

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24
Q

まだ

A

still; not yet
↪まだだ - not yet
↪まだ汚いです - its still dirty

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25
Q

まだ～ていません

A

have not yet
↪バスはまだ来ていません - the bus still hasnt come yet

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26
Q

まで

A

until; as far as; to (an extent); even
↪学校まで - until school
↪家まで - as far as home
↪そこまで - to there
↪なみだまで - to the point of tears

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27
Q

前に

A

before; in front of
↪寝る前に - before going to sleep
↪ 目の前に- in front of your eyes=in front of you

28
Q

ませんか

A

would you; do you want to; shall we
[verb masu negative+か]
↪食べます-> 食べません -> 食べませんか

29
Q

もう + negative

A

anymore; (no) longer
↪もう何も言いたくない - i don’t want to say anything anymore

30
Q

な

A

don’t do (direct order)
↪動くな！- dont move!

31
Q

なあ

A

sentence ending particle; confirmation; admiration, etc
↪なつかしいなあ - how nostalgic; also similar to ね

32
Q

ないで

A

without doing~ ; To do [B] without doing [A]
↪コーヒーにはいつも砂糖を入らないで飲みます - I always drink coffee without putting in sugar

33
Q

ないで (not ‘without doing’)

A

don’t do (request, more polite ver than な)
↪口にしないで - dont speak of that person

34
Q

ないでください

A

please don’t do (more polite than ないで) (polite request)
↪言わないでください - please dont say

35
Q

ないといけない

A

must do; have an obligation to do (if you dont do~then its no good=must)
↪宿題をしないといけない - i must / have to do homework
↪学校に行かないといけない - i must / have to go to school
[verb nai form.+ といけない]

36
Q

なくてはいけない / なくちゃいけない

A

must do; need to do (written / spoken) (subjective view that smth isnt good) (if you dont do~then its no good=must)
↪仕事を見つけなくてはいけない - i need to find a job
[verb nai form + くてはいけない / くちゃいけない]

37
Q

なくてはならない

A

must do; need to do (smth is objectively bad so you feel like u have to do) (if you dont do~then its no good=must)
↪止めなくてはならない - i must / need to stop
[verb nai form + くてはならない]

38
Q

なくちゃ

A

must do; need to; gotta do (most casual form) (if you dont do~then its no good=must)
↪走らなくちゃ - i have to run
[verb nai form + くちゃ]

39
Q

なくてもいい

A

don’t have to
↪一人で行かなくてもいい - you dont have to go alone
[verb nai form+ くてもいい]

40
Q

になる

A

to become
↪大人になった - became an adult

41
Q

のです

A

to explain something; show emphasis (polite)
↪難しいのです - it is that its difficult
↪ u say when there is a reason why ur complaining and thats bc it is difficult -> 難しいのです
z.B. 食べないのですだからおなかついた - it is that i didnt eat, so im hungry

42
Q

んです

A

to explain something; show emphasis (casual)
↪家にケーキがあるんだな - it is that the cake is at home huh

43
Q

にいく (verb)

A

go to do (verb)
↪買いに行く - to go to do shopping
買います -> 買い -> 買いに行く (turn verb into the verb-stem)

44
Q

にいく (noun)

A

go to do (nouns) BUT you cant use all verbs of action (ending w/ する) so its risky
↪買い物しに行く (買い物する)
↪旅行しに行く (旅行する)
↪サッカーしに行く (サッカーする)
し -> statt する
WRONG: スポーツに行く (スポーツする doesnt exist)

45
Q

にする

A

to decide on / to
↪飲み物は何にする？- what will you decide to have to drink?
↪コーヒーにする - ill decide to have coffee

46
Q

の (verb nominalizer)

A

verb nominalizer - making a verb into a noun (-ing in english or the one that)
↪さんぽするのが好き - i like walking / ich mag das Gehen
↪食べたのはピザだ - pizza is the one / thing that i ate

47
Q

のが下手

A

to be bad at
↪歌うのが下手 - to be bad at singing

48
Q

のが上手

A

to be good at (used to compliment others - if u use it on urself it comes off as cocky; jokingly brag)
↪歌うのが上手 - to be good at singing

49
Q

ので

A

because of; given that; since
↪天気がいいので、公園に行きます - because the weather is nice, ill go to the park
[reason + ので + result]

50
Q

お / ご honorific prefix

A

お - in front of kunyomi
↪お父さん - 父 FU - chichi / tou.san- Vater
↪お手洗い - 手 SHU - te - Hand
ご - in front of onyomi
↪ご家族 - 家 KA/KE - ie/uchi/ya - Haus
= (honorable) family

51
Q

しかし

A

but; however (formal/written of でも, MUST be at the beginning of a new sentence)
↪京都は好きです。しかし、京都の夏はとても暑いです。- i like kyoto. But/However, their summer is very hot

52
Q

すぎる

A

too much - used for verbs and adj
VERBS - remove る
↪食べすぎる - to eat too much
↪食べすぎた - i ate too much
ADJ - remove い or な
↪熱すぎる - too hot
↪かんたんすぎる - too simple

53
Q

たことがある

A

to have done something before
[verb past. + ことがある]
↪行く -> 行った -> 行ったことがある - to have walked before
↪前に聞いたことがある - i have heard about it before

54
Q

たことがない

A

to have never done something before
[verb past. + ことがない]
↪ピザを食べたこと(が)ない - have never eaten pizza (ohne が more casual)

55
Q

たり～たり

A

do such things as A and B; things like A and B
[verb past. + り, verbs in between are in て form]
↪一っしょに買い物したり、食べて、歌ったり - we do things like shop together, eat and things like sing together….
[nouns & na-adj -> attach だったり]
↪ピザだったり & ひまだったり
[i-adj -> remove last い and add かったり]
↪暑かったり

56
Q

たり

A

do such things as A; do things like A (still gives the feel of a list, things might be done that arent being said)
[verb past. + り, verbs in between are in て form]
↪気分がわるくなったり - do things like feel sick

57
Q

てある

A

is/has been done (refers to the state of the object -> i opened the door vs the door has been opened)
[verb te form + ある]
↪何が書いてあるんだ - what has been written

58
Q

ている

A

ongoing action or current state (ing in english)
[verb te form + いる]
↪さがしている - (still/currently) looking for
↪勉強している - (still/currently) studying

59
Q

てから

A

after doing; since (since doing the verb, this happened)
[verb te form + から]
↪勉強してから、寝ました - after studying, i slept

60
Q

てはいけない

A

must not; may not; cannot (formal)
[verb te form + はいけない]
↪ここに入ってはいけない - must not enter here

61
Q

てもいい / ていい

A

is okay, is alright to, can, may
[verb te form + もいい]
↪食べてもいい？ - is it okay to eat?
[i-adj last い out + くてもいい]
↪高くてもいい - its okay even if its expensive
[noun / na-adj + でもいい]
↪ピザでもいい - pizza is okay
↪きれいでもいい - its alright if its clean

62
Q

と (as)

A

as (used as a quote for something)
↪私がなぜTattlerとよばれているか - why is it that im being referred to as ‘Tattler’

63
Q

とき　時

A

when; at this time
[verb casual form + とき]
↪学校に行くとき - when i go to school
[noun + のとき]
↪18さいのとき - when i was 18 y/o
[adj casual + とき]
↪暑いとき - when i am hot
↪しずか時 - when i am quiet

64
Q

つもり

A

plan to ~; intend to
(verb + つもり)
↪書くつもり - plan to write

65
Q

は〜より・・・です

A

[A] is more ~ than [B]
↪ピザはサラダよりおいしいです - pizza is more delicious than salad

66
Q

よ (ending particle)

A

you know; emphasis (ending particle)
↪おいしいよ - its yummy, yknow!
↪まちがえるなよ - dont get it wrong (emphasis that it really shouldnt happen, almost like a !)

67
Q

より～ほうが

A

[A] is more than [B]
(verbs, adj + より & ほうが)
(noun + のほうが)
↪教科書よりこの動画のほうがおもしろいです - this video is more fun than textbooks

JLPT (6 decks)

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