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JLPT > Grammar N5 > Flashcards

Grammar N5 Flashcards

1
Q

ちゃいけない

A

must not do (spoken Japanese) (“if you do~then its no good” = must not)
↪男の人は中へ入れちゃいけない - must not let the man inside
↪入れる⇒入れて⇒入れちゃ

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2
Q

じゃいけない

A

must not do (spoken Japanese) (“if you do~then its no good” = must not)
used when te form ends in で
↪死んじゃいけない - must not die
↪死ぬ⇒死んで⇒死んじゃ

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3
Q

じゃだめ / ちゃだめ

A

must not do (spoken Japanese, more emotional)
↪入れちゃだめ (te-form w/ て)
↪死んじゃだめ (te-form w/ で)

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4
Q

だ

A

to be (informal/casual of です)

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5
Q

だから

A

because; so; that’s why
[i adj/verb + から]
↪寒いから、ジャケットを着ます- because its cold i wore a jacket
↪おなかすいた、だから。。。-im hungry, so…
[na adj/noun + だから]
↪学生だから、。。。 - because hes a student…

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6
Q

だけ

A

only; just; as much as
↪一人だけ - only / just one person
↪取るだけ - only / just need to take
↪できるだけ - to do as much as you can

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7
Q

でしょう

A

I think; it seems; probably; right? (polite)
↪明日は雨が降るでしょう - it will probably rain tomorrow
↪かわいいでしょう - its cute, right?

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8
Q

だろう

A

I think; it seems; probably; right? (casual)
↪明日は雨が降るだろう - it will probably rain tomorrow
↪かわいいだろう - its cute, right?

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9
Q

で (not location)

A

with, by
↪ペンシルで書きます - write with a pen
↪車で行く- go by car

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10
Q

どうして

A

why; for what reason; how
↪どうしてゲームが好きですか

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11
Q

どうやって

A

how; in what way; by what means​
↪駅までどうやって行きますか

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12
Q

が (not subject marker, mid sentence)

A

but, however
↪日本語を読むことはできますが、話すことはできません

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13
Q

方がいい (ほうがいい)

A

had better; it’d be better to; should
↪勉強する方がいい - you should study
↪勉強した方がいい - it would be better if you studied

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14
Q

一番（いちばん)

A

the most; the best
↪ケーキが一番好きな食べ物です - cake is my fav food

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15
Q

一緒に（いっしょに）

A

together
↪友達と一緒に学校に行く

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16
Q

ではない

A

to not be (am not; is not; are not) (formal)
↪人間ではない - i am not human

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17
Q

じゃない

A

to not be (am not; is not; are not) (casual)
↪仕事をさがすだけじゃない

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18
Q

nounかnoun

A

or
↪ケーキかピザ

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19
Q

から

A

from

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20
Q

けど

A

but; however; although (contradicting statements)
↪仕事はつらいけど、楽しいです - work is tough but its fun

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21
Q

けれども

A

but; however; although (more formal than けど) (contradicting statements)
↪仕事はつらいです。けれども、楽しいです - work is tough, however, its fun

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22
Q

Noun + くらい / ぐらい

A

about, approximately
↪五時ぐらいに。。。- at about 5 oclock

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23
Q

Noun + くらい / ぐらい
(not ‘about/approximately’)

A

at least, at the very least
↪一度ぐらいテニスしたくない - wouldnt you like to play tennis atleast once

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24
Q

まだ

A

still; not yet
↪まだだ - not yet
↪まだ汚いです - its still dirty

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25
まだ～ていません
have not yet ↪バスはまだ来ていません - the bus still hasnt come yet
26
まで
until; as far as; to (an extent); even ↪学校まで - until school ↪家まで - as far as home ↪そこまで - to there ↪なみだまで - to the point of tears
27
前に
before; in front of ↪寝る前に - before going to sleep ↪ 目の前に- in front of your eyes=in front of you
28
ませんか
would you; do you want to; shall we [verb masu negative+か] ↪食べます-> 食べません -> 食べませんか
29
もう + negative
anymore; (no) longer ↪もう何も言いたくない - i don’t want to say anything anymore
30
な
don’t do (direct order) ↪動くな！- dont move!
31
なあ
sentence ending particle; confirmation; admiration, etc ↪なつかしいなあ - how nostalgic; also similar to ね
32
ないで
without doing~ ; To do [B] without doing [A] ↪コーヒーにはいつも砂糖を入らないで飲みます - I always drink coffee without putting in sugar
33
ないで (not 'without doing')
don't do (request, more polite ver than な) ↪口にしないで - dont speak of that person
34
ないでください
please don't do (more polite than ないで) (polite request) ↪言わないでください - please dont say
35
ないといけない
must do; have an obligation to do (if you dont do~then its no good=must) ↪宿題をしないといけない - i must / have to do homework ↪学校に行かないといけない - i must / have to go to school [verb nai form.+ といけない]
36
なくてはいけない / なくちゃいけない
must do; need to do (written / spoken) (subjective view that smth isnt good) (if you dont do~then its no good=must) ↪仕事を見つけなくてはいけない - i need to find a job [verb nai form + くてはいけない / くちゃいけない]
37
なくてはならない
must do; need to do (smth is objectively bad so you feel like u have to do) (if you dont do~then its no good=must) ↪止めなくてはならない - i must / need to stop [verb nai form + くてはならない]
38
なくちゃ
must do; need to; gotta do (most casual form) (if you dont do~then its no good=must) ↪走らなくちゃ - i have to run [verb nai form + くちゃ]
39
なくてもいい
don't have to ↪一人で行かなくてもいい - you dont have to go alone [verb nai form+ くてもいい]
40
になる
to become ↪大人になった - became an adult
41
のです
to explain something; show emphasis (polite) ↪難しいのです - it is that its difficult ↪ u say when there is a reason why ur complaining and thats bc it is difficult -> 難しいのです z.B. 食べない**のです**だからおなかついた - **it is that** i didnt eat, so im hungry
42
んです
to explain something; show emphasis (casual) ↪家にケーキがあるんだな - it is that the cake is at home huh
43
にいく (verb)
go to do (verb) ↪買いに行く - to go to do shopping 買います -> 買い -> 買いに行く (turn verb into the verb-stem)
44
にいく (noun)
go to do (nouns) BUT you cant use all verbs of action (ending w/ する) so its risky ↪買い物しに行く (買い物する) ↪旅行しに行く (旅行する) ↪サッカーしに行く (サッカーする) し -> statt する WRONG: スポーツに行く (スポーツする doesnt exist)
45
にする
to decide on / to ↪飲み物は何にする？- what will you decide to have to drink? ↪コーヒーにする - ill decide to have coffee
46
の (verb nominalizer)
verb nominalizer - making a verb into a noun (-ing in english or the one that) ↪さんぽするのが好き - i like walking / ich mag das Gehen ↪食べたのはピザだ - pizza is the one / thing that i ate
47
のが下手
to be bad at ↪歌うのが下手 - to be bad at singing
48
のが上手
to be good at (used to compliment others - if u use it on urself it comes off as cocky; jokingly brag) ↪歌うのが上手 - to be good at singing
49
ので
because of; given that; since ↪天気がいいので、公園に行きます - because the weather is nice, ill go to the park [reason + ので + result]
50
お / ご honorific prefix
お - in front of kunyomi ↪お父さん - 父 FU - chichi / **tou.san**- Vater ↪お手洗い - 手 SHU - **te** - Hand ご - in front of onyomi ↪ご家族 - 家 **KA**/KE - ie/uchi/ya - Haus = (honorable) family
51
しかし
but; however (formal/written of でも, MUST be at the beginning of a new sentence) ↪京都は好きです**。しかし、**京都の夏はとても暑いです。- i like kyoto. But/However, their summer is very hot
52
すぎる
too much - used for verbs and adj VERBS - remove る ↪食べすぎる - to eat too much ↪食べすぎた - i ate too much ADJ - remove い or な ↪熱すぎる - too hot ↪かんたんすぎる - too simple
53
たことがある
to have done something before [verb past. + ことがある] ↪行く -> 行った -> 行ったことがある - to have walked before ↪前に聞いたことがある - i have heard about it before
54
たことがない
to have never done something before [verb past. + ことがない] ↪ピザを食べたこと(が)ない - have never eaten pizza (ohne が more casual)
55
たり～たり
do such things as A and B; things like A and B [verb past. + り, verbs in between are in て form] ↪一っしょに買い物したり、食べて、歌ったり - we do things like shop together, eat and things like sing together.... [nouns & na-adj -> attach だったり] ↪ピザだったり & ひまだったり [i-adj -> remove last い and add かったり] ↪暑かったり
56
たり
do such things as A; do things like A (still gives the feel of a list, things might be done that arent being said) [verb past. + り, verbs in between are in て form] ↪気分がわるくなったり - do things like feel sick
57
てある
is/has been done (refers to the state of the object -> i opened the door vs the door has been opened) [verb te form + ある] ↪何が書いてあるんだ - what has been written
58
ている
ongoing action or current state (ing in english) [verb te form + いる] ↪さがしている - (still/currently) looking for ↪勉強している - (still/currently) studying
59
てから
after doing; since (since doing the verb, this happened) [verb te form + から] ↪勉強してから、寝ました - after studying, i slept
60
てはいけない
must not; may not; cannot (formal) [verb te form + はいけない] ↪ここに入ってはいけない - must not enter here
61
てもいい / ていい
is okay, is alright to, can, may [verb te form + もいい] ↪食べてもいい？ - is it okay to eat? [i-adj last い out + くてもいい] ↪高くてもいい - its okay even if its expensive [noun / na-adj + でもいい] ↪ピザでもいい - pizza is okay ↪きれいでもいい - its alright if its clean
62
と (as)
as (used as a quote for something) ↪私がなぜTattlerとよばれているか - why is it that im being referred to as 'Tattler'
63
とき　時
when; at this time [verb casual form + とき] ↪学校に行くとき - when i go to school [noun + のとき] ↪18さいのとき - when i was 18 y/o [adj casual + とき] ↪暑いとき - when i am hot ↪しずか時 - when i am quiet
64
つもり
plan to ~; intend to (verb + つもり) ↪書くつもり - plan to write
65
は〜より・・・です
[A] is more ~ than [B] ↪ピザ**は**サラダ**より**おいしい**です** - pizza **is more** delicious **than** salad
66
よ (ending particle)
you know; emphasis (ending particle) ↪おいしいよ - its yummy, yknow! ↪まちがえるなよ - dont get it wrong (emphasis that it really shouldnt happen, almost like a !)
67
より～ほうが
[A] is more than [B] (verbs, adj + より & ほうが) (noun + **の**ほうが) ↪教科書よりこの動画のほうがおもしろいです - this video is more fun than textbooks

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