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JLPT > Grammar N4 > Flashcards

Grammar N4 Flashcards

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1
Q

間 (あいだ)

A

while; during; between (used when doing something the WHOLE time - often paired with ずっと)
[verb jisho form + 間]
↪散歩している間、ずっと雨が降っていた - while i was walking, it rained (the whole time)
[noun + の + 間]
↪昼ごはんの間 - during lunch

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2
Q

間に

A

while; during (used when doing something MOMENTARILY and not the whole time)
[verb jisho form + 間に]
↪散歩している間に、雨が降り始めた - while i was walking, it started to rain

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3
Q

後で

A

after; later
[verb past + 後で]
↪授業が終わった後で、家に帰る - after i finish class, i will go home
[noun + の + 後で]
↪学校の後で、家に帰る - after school . i will go home
[by itself]
↪後で、寝ました - later, i slept

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4
Q

ば

A

if [A], then [B] = Konditionalform
(implies strong connection between those events, not used w/ an obvious outcome/facts/reality)
↪ピザじゃなければ食べない - if its not pizza, i wont eat it
[verb u->e + ば]
↪行く -> 行けば - if you walk, then..
↪食べる -> 食べれば - if you eat, then…
[verb & i-adj neg. nai weg + なければ]
↪行けない -> 行けなければ - if you dont walk, then…
↪大きくない - > 大きくなければ - if its not big, then…
[i-adj ければ statt last い]
↪ 大きい -> 大きければ - if its big, then…
[na-adj & noun + ならば / であれば]
↪きれいなれば / ピザであれば - if its clean/pizza, then…
[na-adj & noun + じゃなければ / ではなければ]
↪きれいじゃなければ / ピザではなければ - if its not clean/pizza, then… (casual/formal)

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5
Q

場合は (ばあいは)

A

in the event of; in the case of/that (used for facts, opinions, advice)
↪火事の場合は、119をかけます - in the case of a fire

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6
Q

ばかり

A

only; nothing but (used to express surprise, shock, judgement)
↪勉強ばかりしている - doing nothing but study
[nouns or verbs te-form]
↪お菓子ばかり - nothing but sweets
↪食べてばかり - nothing but eat

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7
Q

だけで

A

just by; just by doing; only with
[verb/noun + だけで]
↪見るだけでわかる - i understand just by looking
↪これだけで十分です - its enough just with this

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8
Q

出す (not to take out)

A

to begin to; to start to; to burst into (only used for phsyical things to add movement)
[verb stem form + 出す]
↪歌う -> 歌いだす - to start singing

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9
Q

でございます

A

to be (more polite form of です, honorific である)
↪お忘れでございますか - have you forgotten?

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10
Q

でも (not but)

A

~or something; how about~ (not the only option, suggesting smth to the listener)
↪ゲームでもしましょう - lets play games or something

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11
Q

ではないか

A

right?; isnt it? (formal)
↪これはケーキではないか - this is a cake, isnt it?

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12
Q

は / が必要 (は / がひつよう)

A

need; necessary
↪ハンカチはひつようない - as for handkerchiefs, i dont need them
↪あなたがひつよう - it is you that i need / the one that i need is you

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13
Q

がする

A

to smell; hear; taste; feel (used after noun)
↪いいにおいがする - to smell something nice
↪声がする - to hear a voice
↪気がする - to feel a feeling

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14
Q

がる / がっている

A

to show signs of; to appear; to feel; to think (turns adjectives into verbs)
[adj. い away + がる / がっている]
↪何をそんなに恐がっているんだ？ - what are being so afraid of? (what are you showing signs of being scared of?)
↪寒がっている - (showing signs of) being cold

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15
Q

がり

A

someone tends to; has a tendency to; has a sensitivity to (turns adjective into noun to describe personality)
↪恐い (scary) -> 恐がり - have a tendency to be scared (noun)
↪はずかしがりや - a person who has the tendency to be shy

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16
Q

ございます

A

to be; to exist (polite form of ある)
↪私はけいかくがございます - i have a plan

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17
Q

はずだ

A

it must be; it should be (expectation)
[verb jisho form + はずだ]
↪カメラがあるはずだな - the camera should exist
[noun + の + はずだ]
↪これは私の本のはずだ - this should be my book
[i/na adj (w/ な) + はずだ]
↪映画はおもしろいはずだです- the movie should be interesting
↪部屋はきれいなはずだ - the room should be clean

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18
Q

はずがない

A

smth cannot be (impossible) (neg of はずだ)
[verb jisho form + はずがない]
↪カメラがあるはずだな - the camera shouldnt exist
[noun + の + はずがない]
↪これは私の本のはずだ - its impossible that this book is mine
[i/na adj (w/ な) + はずがない]
↪映画はおもしろいはずです- the movie cannot be interesting
↪部屋はきれいなはずがない - the room cannot be clean

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19
Q

必要がある (ひつようがある)

A

need to; it is necessary to
[verb + ひつようがある ]
↪勉強する必要がある - it is necessary to study

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20
Q

意向形 (いこうけい)

A

lets do; shall we = volitional form
[verb replace る with よう]
↪見る -> 見よう - lets see
[verb replace う with おう]
↪読む -> 読もう - lets read
[irregular verbs]
↪する -> しよう - lets do
↪来る -> 来よう - lets come

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21
Q

いらっしゃる

A

to be; to come; to go (polite form of 来る, 行く& いる - sonkeigo - other peoples actions)
↪どこから来ましたか -> どこからいらっしゃったんですか - where are you from?
↪友達が行く -> 友達がいらっしゃる - my friend is going
↪かのじょがいる -> かのじょがいらっしゃる - she is here

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22
Q

いたします

A

to do (polite form of する, kenjyougo - own action, putting self down and listener up)
↪お手伝いをいたします - i will help you

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23
Q

じゃないか

A

right?; isnt it?; lets~ (confirmation)
↪遅いじゃないか - he is late, isnt he?

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24
Q

かどうか

A

whether or not
[noun/verb/adj + かどうか]
↪正しいかどうかわかりません - i dont know whether or not its correct

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25
Q

かしら

A

i wonder (feminine)
↪勉強するかしら? - i wonder if i will study?

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26
Q

かい

A

turns sentence into a yes or no question (casual)
↪学校に行きますかい

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27
Q

かもしらない

A

might; perhaps (indicates possibility)
[verb/noun/adj + かもしらない]
↪高いかもしれない - it might be expensive

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28
Q

かな

A

i wonder; should i? (gender-neutral)
↪面白いかな？ - i wonder if its interesting?

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29
Q

で／から 作る

A

made with / made from
↪この机は木で作られています - this table is made with wood
↪この机は木から作られています - this table is made from wood
(can be used interchangeably)

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30
Q

きっと

A

surely; undoubtedly; most likely; almost certainly
↪明日は、きっと雨でしょう - as for tomorrow, it will surely rain, i think

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31
Q

頃 (ごろ / ころ)

A

around; about; when
[ごろ - used w/ nouns of time]
↪五時ごろ - around 5 o’clock
[ころ - used w/ verbs, adj, nouns (+の)]
↪わかいころ - (around) when i was young
↪さくらがさくころ - (around) when cherry blossoms bloom
↪子供のころ - (around) when i was a child

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32
Q

こと

A

verb nominalizer (turns verb into noun)
↪食べる -> 食べること - eating

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33
Q

ことがある

A

to have things to do; there are times when~; sometimes do~
↪まだすることがある - there are still things to do
↪たまにピザを食べることがある - there are times when i eat a pizza sometimes

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34
Q

ことができる

A

can; able to
↪日本語を話すことができる - i am able to / can speak Japanese

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35
Q

ことになる

A

it has been decided that; it turns out that (used when it was influenced by external factors)
↪来月、アメリカにひっこすことになりました - It has been decided that I will move to America next month

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36
Q

ことにする

A

to decide on
↪出かけることにした - you decided to go out

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37
Q

くする／にする

A

to make something~
[adj i weg + くする]
↪大きい -> 大きくする - to make something big
[na adj + にする]
↪きれいにする - to make something clean

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38
Q

急に (きゅう)

A

quickly; immediately; hastily; suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly
↪急に止まるな! - dont suddenly stop like that!

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39
Q

までに

A

by; by the time (indicates time limit, deadlines)
↪三十さいになるまでに、けっこんしたいです - i want to get married by the time im 30 y/o

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40
Q

まま

A

as it is; current state; without changing~
[used for nouns, adj]
↪むかしのまま - the same as long ago
↪熱いまま - left in the state of being hot
↪きれいなまま - left in the state of being pretty
[verbs - ONLY with past/negative forms of verbs]
↪開けたまま - left in the state of being left open (開ける)
↪しないまま - left in the state of being undone (する)

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41
Q

または

A

both; or; otherwise; choice between A or B
↪melon panまたはchoco panを食べますか

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42
Q

みたいだ

A

like; similar to; it seems like; resembling (used after reasoning or judgement that smth seems a certain way) (spoken version of ようだ)
[used for nouns, verbs, adj]
↪夏みたいだ - its like summer
↪つ寒いみたいだ - it seems cold
↪難しいみたいだ - it seems difficult

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43
Q

みたいな

A

like; similar to~; it seems like (not at the end of a sentence, used to modify a noun to be similar to a noun or verb)
↪あなたみたいな人はすごいと思うよ - i think a person like you is amazing
[verb]
↪かれが持っているみたいなパソコンがほしい - i want a computer like the one he has

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44
Q

みたいに

A

like; similar to~; it seems like (used to modify verbs and adjectives to be similar to nouns or verbs)
↪子供みたいにあそんでいる - playing like children ()
↪たくさん人がいるみたいに見えるけれど - it looks like there are a lot of people (verb modifying verb)

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45
Q

も

A

as many as; as much as; up to; nearly~ (ALWAYS after a counter of number or time)
↪何百年も - up to several hundred years

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46
Q

な

A

dont ~ (directly order someone to not do smth)
[verb jisho form + な]
↪開けるな - dont open it

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47
Q

ながら

A

while; during; as (actions taking time at the same time)
[verb + ながら is 2nd action]
↪飲みながら、話しましょう - lets talk while we drink

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48
Q

なかなか〜ない

A

not easy to; struggling to; not able to~
↪なかなか寝れない - im struggling to sleep

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49
Q

なかなか

A

very; considerably; fairly; quite; rather; easily; readily; higher
↪なかなかきれいな花ですよね - its quite a pretty flower isnt it?

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50
Q

なければいけない

A

must do smth; have to do smth (more stiff/formal/written version of なくてはいけない) (used with sense of obligation coming from urself)
[verb nai form + ければいけない]
↪学校も行けなきゃいけないです - you also have to go to school

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51
Q

なければならない

A

must do smth; have to do smth (used when with sense of obligation coming from society or rules)
[verb nai form + ければならない]
↪宿題を終わらせなければならない - i must finish my homework

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52
Q

なら

A

if; in the case that~ (only used with uncertain outcome)
[adj/verb/noun + なら]
↪熱いなら - if youre hot
↪ほしいなら - if you want
↪ぼくたちなら - if its us

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53
Q

なさい

A

do this (soft/firm command, parents us it for kids)
[verb instead of masu put なさい]
↪寝なさい - go to bed

54
Q

なさる

A

to do (sonkeigo of する)
↪明日、何をなさいますか - what are you doing tomorrow? (明日、何をしますか)

55
Q

に気がつく

A

to notice; to realize
[must be used with nouns or verbs nominalized with こと]
↪まちがいに気がついた - i realized my mistake
↪かばんを忘れたことに気がついた - i realized that i had forgotten my bag
[used on its own]
あ、気がついた！- Ah! youve come to your senses / gained consciousness

56
Q

に見える

A

to look; to seem; to appear
[i & na adj ku form + に見える]
↪小さくに見える - it seems to be small
[noun + に見える]
↪学生に見える - they appear to be students

57
Q

にくい

A

difficult to do~
[verb masu weg + にくい]
↪食べる -> 食べにくい - difficult to eat
↪飲む -> 飲みにくい - difficult to drink

58
Q

の中で

A

in; among
[noun + の中で]
↪心の中で - in my heart
↪この中で、どちらがほしいですか - among these, which one do you want?

59
Q

のに

A

1st usage:
although; even tho; in spite of
[verb casual form / i adj+ のに]
↪やくそくしたのに - although u promised
↪安いのに - even tho its cheap
[noun + なのに]
↪日曜日なのに - even tho its sunday
2nd usage:
to (do smth); in order to~ (only for verbs in dictionary form)
↪家に帰るのに三時間かかりました - to return home, it took 3 hours

60
Q

のは〜だ

A

[A] is [B]; the reason for [A] is [B] (used when you want to make a strong statement after latter part of the sentence)
[reality + のは + explanation/reason/emphasis + です / だ]
↪私が住んでいるのは京都です。東京じゃありません - the place i am living in is kyoto. not tokyo

61
Q

お / ご〜ください

A

please do (keigo)
[お + verb stem form + ください]
↪書きます -> お書きください - please write
[also used for nouns that function as verbs]
↪電話 -> お電話ください - please call

お -> kunyomi
ご -> onyomi

62
Q

お〜になる

A

to do (sonkeigo)
↪お見えになりました - has become able to see = has arrived (passive)

63
Q

おきに

A

every; repeated at intervals (used with measurable noun like time, days, meters..)
↪五分おきに - every 5 mins

64
Q

おる

A

kenjougo / humble of いる
↪います -> おります - i am here
↪勉強しています -> 勉強しております - i am studying

65
Q

終わる

A

to finish; to end
[verb stem form + 終わる]
↪食べ終わる - to finish eating
↪話し終わる - to finish talking

66
Q

られる

A

potential form; ability / inability to do smth
[ru verbs statt る -> られる]
↪食べる -> 食べられる - to be able to eat
[u verbs statt う -> せる]
↪話す -> 話せる - to be able to talk
[exceptions]
↪する -> できる - to be able to do
↪来る -> こられる - to be able to come

67
Q

らしい

A

it seems like; i heard; apparently (presumption/assumption, hearsay)
[verbs, nouns, adj + らしい]
↪きみらしい - its very like you
↪雨らしい - it seems like rain
↪体に悪いらしいです - apparently its bad for your body

68
Q

さ

A

-ness; turns adj into noun
[remove い or な from adj and replace w さ]
↪美しい (adj, beautiful) -> 美しさ (noun, beauty)
↪長い (adj, long) -> 長さ (noun, length)

69
Q

さっき

A

some time ago; just now (action happened very recently)
↪さっき起きたばかり - i woke up just now

70
Q

させる

A

causative form; to make / let somebody do smth
[ru verbs statt る -> させる]
↪食べる -> 食べさせる - to make/let eat
[u verbs negative statt ない -> せる]
↪聞く -> 聞かない -> 聞かせる - to make/ let hear/listen
[exceptions]
↪する、させる - to make / let do
↪やる、やらせる - to make / let do (informal)
↪くる、こさせる - to make / let come

71
Q

させられる

A

causative-passive; to be made to do smth
(に shows who is making you do it)
↪先生に宿題をさせられる - i am made to do my homework by my teacher
[ru verbs statt る -> させられる]
↪友達に映画を見させられる - i am made to watch the movie by my friend
[u verbs negative statt ない -> せられる]

72
Q

させてください

A

please let me do
[ru verbs statt る -> させてください]
[u verbs negative statt ない -> せてください]
↪お母さんに会わせてください - please let me meet with my mother

73
Q

さすが

A

as one would expect; as expected (impressed or surprised); (im sure) even
↪さすがに強い - strong as expected

74
Q

し

A

and; and whats more (emphasis, reasoning, contrast)
[verb + し]
↪雨が降っているし[] - the rain is falling and []
[i adj + し]
↪かれはやさしいし[] - the guy is kind and []
[noun/na adj + だし]
↪学生だしいそがしいし[] - the student is busy and []
↪部屋は静かだしきれいだし - the room is quiet and clean

75
Q

しか〜ない

A

only; nothing but
[noun/adj/verb + しか + verb nai form]
↪ケーキしか食べない - i eat nothing but cake

76
Q

そんなに

A

so much; so; like that
↪そんなに強いと思うわなかった - i didnt think you were so strong (like that)

77
Q

それでも

A

even so; but still; and yet (action one happened (reality) and action 2 was unexpected outcome, contrast)
↪テストの勉強していなかった、それでもごうかくした - i didnt study for the test, and yet i passed

78
Q

それに

A

besides; in addition; also; moreover (adding more info)
↪これはおいしいです、それに安いです - this is yummy, moreover, its also cheap
↪おにぎり、それにお茶お願いします - id like an onigiri and also green tea pls

79
Q

そうだ (1)

A

i heard that; it is said that
[verb + そうだ]
↪来るそうだ - it is said that theyre coming
[i adj + そうだ]
↪ケーキはおいしいそうだ - i heard the cake is delicious
[noun/na adj + だそうだ]
↪お金持ちだそうだ - i heard that he has money / is rich

80
Q

そうだ (2)

A

looks like; appears like; seems like (conjugated differently than the other そうだ)
[verb stem form + そうだ]
↪寝るそうだ (i heard hes sleeping) -> 寝そうだ - he seems sleepy
[i adj remove i + そうだ]
↪面白いそうだ (i heard its interesting) -> 面白そうだ - it seems / looks funny
[noun/na adj + そうだ]
↪部屋はきれいだそうだ (i heard the room is clean) -> 部屋はきれいそうだ - it looks like the room is clean

81
Q

そうに・そうな

A

seems like; looks like (modifies verb/noun to appear a certain way) [same conjugation as そうだ (2)]
[verb stem form + そうに / な]
↪楽しそうに歌っている - their singing seems like theyre having fun
[i adj remove i + そうに / な]
↪つまらなそうに映画を見ている - it seems like theyre bored watching the movie
[noun/na adj + そうに / な]
↪つかれそうに歩いている - their walking seems like theyre tired
[…そうに + verb]
↪つかれそうに歩いている - their walking seems like theyre tired
[…そうな + noun]
↪面白そうな映画 - an interesting seeming movie

82
Q

たばかり

A

just finished; smth just occured (used when a verb just occured, can also be a longer time ago but still recent for the speaker, can modify nouns)
[verb casual past + ばかり]
↪食べる -> 食べた -> 食べたばかり - i just finished eating
↪始める -> 始まった -> 始まったばかり - it has just begun

83
Q

たところ

A

just finished doing; was just doing (very recent events, cannot modify nouns)
↪食べ物を買いに行ったところです - i was JUST going to buy some food

84
Q

他動詞 (たどうし)＆自動詞 (じどうし)

A

transitive & intransitive verbs
[他動詞 (たどうし) - verb is done by a person; focus is on doer of verb]
↪私はそれを始めます - i begin that
↪私はドアをしめた - i closed the door
[自動詞 (じどうし) - verbs occur without clear person; focus on the action itself]
↪それが始まった - that began
↪ドアがしまった - the door was closed

85
Q

たがる

A

wants to do~ (comes from the tai form but doesnt mean the same, talking abt someone elses needs)
↪行きたい (want to go) -> 行きたがっている they appear to want to go

86
Q

たら

A

if; when; after (used for almost any situation unlike ば)
[verb, noun, adj in past form + ら]
↪行く -> 行った -> 行ったら if i walked
↪おいしい -> おいしかった -> おいしかったら - if it was yummy

87
Q

たらどう

A

why dont you; how about you (used to give advice, used for verbs)
[verb past form + らどう]
↪勉強したらどう？ - how about you study more?

88
Q

たら／はいい (ですか)／ばいい (ですか)

A

what should i do? (speaker seeking instructions from listener)
↪何を食べたらいいですか - what should i eat

89
Q

て／で

A

conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B] (connect parts of the sentence together)
[verb, adj, noun te form + other sentence]
↪ドアは古くて、開けにくいです - the door is old and difficult to open
[used by itself]
で、。。。- so,…

90
Q

てあげる

A

to do for; to do a favor (recipient marked by に particle)
↪お母さんに買ってあげます - i will buy it for my mom
↪作ってあげる - i will make it (for you)

91
Q

てほしい

A

i want you to; i need you to~
↪教えてほしい - i want you to teach me
↪行ってほしかった - i wanted you to go
↪忘れないでほしい - i want you to not forget

92
Q

ていく

A

to start; to continue; to go on
↪どんどん暑くなっていく - its going to continue to be hot
↪

93
Q

ていた

A

was doing smth (past continuous, past of ている)
↪しんぱいしている (worrying) -> しんぱいしていた - had been worrying

94
Q

ていただけませんか

A

could you please~ (formal)
[verb te form + いただけませんか]
↪写真を撮っていただけませんか - could you please take a photo for me?

95
Q

てくれる

A

to do a favor; do something for someone (have a favor done by others for you)
[verb te form + くれる]
↪うけ入れてくれる - to take in (doing me a favor by taking me in)

96
Q

てくる

A

to do and come back; to become; to continue; to start (moving towards me)
[verb te form + くる]
↪おなかがすいてきた - i have come to be hungry (i am hungry) -> the feeling of hunger moved towards me

97
Q

てみる

A

try doing
[verb te form + みる]
↪食べてみる - to try eating
↪行ってみる - to try and go somewhere

98
Q

てもらう

A

to get somebody to do something (to receive smth)
[verb te form + もらう]
↪あなたに日本語を教えてもらいたい - i want to get you to teach me japanese (i want you to teach me japanese)
↪買いてもらいたいんだ - i want you to buy

99
Q

ておく

A

to do smth in advance
[verb te form + おく]
↪勉強しておく / 勉強しとく - to study in advance

100
Q

てしまう／ちゃう

A

to do smth by accident; to finish completely (expresses regret) (casual)
[verb te form + おく]
↪寝ってしまう / 寝ちゃった - i completely / accidentally fell asleep
↪しまった！- crap! (did smth regrettable)

101
Q

てすみません

A

im sorry for
[verb te form + すみません]
↪おくれてすみません - im sorry for being late

102
Q

てやる

A

to do for; to do a favor (casual of てあげる)
↪サポートをしてやる - i will give you support
↪ころしてやる - i will kill u

103
Q

てよかった

A

im glad that~
[verb te form + よかった]
↪会えてよかった - im glad that i met you

104
Q

ているところ

A

in the process of doing smth right now
[verb te form + いるところ]
↪勉強しているとこと - right now/currently (in the process of) studying

105
Q

ても・でも

A

even; even if; even though
[verb, adj, noun te form + も]
↪安くても買わない - even if its cheap, i wont buy it
↪食べてもおなかがすきます - even though i eat, im hungry
↪子供でも出来ますよ - even if its a child, you can do it

106
Q

と

A

whenever [A] happens, [B also happens]; if you [A], you will [B]
↪毎日ピザを食べると太ります- if you eat pizza everyday, you will become fat

107
Q

と言ってもいい

A

you could say; one might say; id say (“even if you said that itd be okay”)
↪この映画はだいせいこうだといってもいい - you could say this movie is a big success

108
Q

という

A

called; named; that~ (と quoting particle)
[what its called is before という]
↪日本という国 - the country called japan
(more casual - っていう)
↪日本っていう国 - the country called japan

109
Q

と言われている

A

it is said that (passive)
↪ふじさんは日本で一番高い山ですと言われている - it is said that mt. fuji is the tallest mountain in japan

110
Q

と聞いた

A

i heard…
↪このゲームが面白いと聞いた - i heard that this game is interesting

111
Q

と思う

A

i think; to think; you think
↪日本に留学しようと思っています - i am thinking of studying abroad in japan

112
Q

とか〜とか

A

among other things; such as; like~ (kinda like a list, like や)
↪私はHonkai Star Railとか、Overwatchとかゲームが好きです - i like games such as Honkai Star Rail and Overwatch (implies i like more games besides those)

113
Q

ところ

A

just about to; on the verge of doing something
[verb casual present form + ところ]
↪出かけるところです - i was just about to leave
↪寝るところです - i was just about to sleep

114
Q

続ける (つづける)

A

continue to; keen on~
[verb stem for + つづける]
↪待ちつづけていた - i have continued to wait
↪日本語を勉強しつづける - to continue to study japanese

115
Q

って

A

named; called (casual quoting particle)
↪家に帰るときは手を洗いなさいって、お母さんが言ってた - mom said, to wash your hand whenever you return home (everything before って is what im quoting)

116
Q

受身形 (うけみけい)

A

passive form; passive voice (action is the focus, not does of action - used to sound distant, polite, cold, unconnected to the action)
[ru verbs る turns to られる but ら cannot be dropped]
↪食べる -> 食べない -> 食べられる - to be eaten
[u verbs negative remove ない + れる]
↪買う -> 買わない -> 買われる - to be bought
[exceptions]
する -> される - to be done
くる -> こられる - to have come

117
Q

は〜が… は

A

[A] but [B]; however (comparison)
↪ひらがなは書けますが、漢字は書けません - i can write hiragana but i cannot write kanji

118
Q

やすい

A

easy to; likely to; prone to; have a tendency to
[verb stem for + やすい]
↪食べやすい - easy to eat

119
Q

やっと

A

at last; finally; barely; narrowly
↪やっと仕事が終わった - i finally finished my work

120
Q

より

A

than; rather than; [A] is more than [B]
↪英語より日本語が難しい - japanese is more difficult than english (more than english, japanese is diffucult)
[adj - to make smth more~]
↪よりいい - (more) better

121
Q

予定だ (よていだ)

A

plan to; intend to
[verb + よていだ]
↪おおさかに行く予定だ
[noun + の + よていだ]
↪旅行は二週間ぐらいの予定だ - as for my trip, i plan to go for around 2 weeks

122
Q

ようだ

A

appears; seems; looks as if~ (based on own judgement/reasoning, subjective)
[verb + ようだ]
↪始まったようだ - it appears to have begun
[noun + の + ようだ]
↪ゆめのようだ - it seems like a dream
[na adj incl. な + ようだ]
↪にぎやかなようだ - it seems like its lively
[i adj + ようだ]
↪かのじょはうれしくないようだ - she doesnt seem happy

123
Q

ように／ような

A

like; as; similar to~ (expresses reasoning/judgement as to why smth is a certain way)
↪そのような時こそ - in times this these
↪泣いているように見える - she looks like shes crying
↪どんなようなこと - what kind of thing

124
Q

ようになる

A

to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
[verb jisho/nai form + ようになる]
↪たくさん勉強したら、日本語を話せるようになります - if you study a lot, you will come to the point that you can speak japanese
↪あそびに来るようになりました - i have come to hang out

125
Q

ようにする

A

to try to; to make sure that
[verb jisho/nai form + ようにする]
↪毎日日本語を勉強するようにします - i make sure that i study japanese everyday

126
Q

ようと思う

A

thinking of doing; planning to
[verb voalitional form + ようと思う]
↪日本語勉強しようと思っている - i am thinking/planning of studying japanese

127
Q

ぜひ

A

by all means; certainly; definitely (urge someone to take a certain action, used as an invitation)
↪ぜひ食べてみてください - by all means, pls try to eat some!
↪ぜひ見てきてください - by all means, please come take a look

128
Q

全然~ない (ぜんぜん~ない)

A

(not) at all; totally cant (extreme cases)
↪日本語がぜんぜん - i cant speak japanese at all / i totally cant speak japanese

129
Q

ぜんぜん

A

totally; completely; wholly; entirely (extremely cases)
↪ぜんぜん大丈夫 - its totally fine
↪ぜんぜんかわいい - its totally cute
↪ぜんぜん知らない - i totally dont know

130
Q

づらい

A

difficult to do~ (comes from つらい - emotionally/physically painful to do)
[verb stem form + づらい]
↪食べづらい - (physically) difficult to eat
↪言いづらい - (physically) difficult to say

JLPT (6 decks)

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