Grammar: L11-13 Flashcards
Comparative sentence using 比
Comparative sentence using 更/还
Comparative sentence using 跟/和
Ending a sentence with 了
Can still be used at the end of a sentence even if it’s negative (i.e. 我没有钱了, 不买了)
Verb 会
Adverb 又
Indicates recurrence of action or joins v./adj. (CANNOT use 和)
Speaker accepts the fact, but wishes to offer a different perspective (i.e. 滑冰难是难, 可/但是很有意思)
ONLY works when adj./v. was mentioned previously (otherwise use 虽然)
“Not at all” or “not even one”
Can also use 一点儿: “anything at all”
(i.e. 一点儿东西也没有买)
刚: adverb
Action/situation took place in most recent past (just …)
(If present, CANNOT end sentence with 了
CANNOT be followed by negation words (不, 没))
刚才: noun
The time shortly before the act of speaking (a moment ago)
(CANNOT be followed by an expression of duration of time
Sentence often ends in 了)
Can also denote deviation from correct amount/#
(i.e. 你多找了我 一块钱)
Resultative compliment
The v./adj. resulted by the action (i.e. 卖完, 看到, 听见, 做好)
Also implies action was completed well
Reduplication of adjectives
Suggests approving/appreciative attitude of the speaker (usually doesn’t appear in negative form)
If multisyllabic then say AABB (i.e. 漂漂亮亮). Although typically for 1 syllable words
Used mostly in commanding sentences (i.e. to give)(primarily in shopping/restaurant contexts)
Direction & location words
边 (formal), 面 (neutral), 头 (informal) are suffixes combined with direction words. CANNOT follow proper names
后, 下, 前, 上, 里, 外 + 边/面/头
右, 左, 东, 南, 西, 北 + 边/面
中间, 旁边 are exceptions
Substitute for 比 only in the negative form (suggest A < B). Often followed by 那么 (not as …)
A 没有 B (那么) adj. = lesser degree than other
A 不比 B adj. = no more than (could be equal)
So …, so much
(i.e. 你那么喜欢写日记)
Denotes purpose of going somewhere
(i.e. 到电脑中心去上网)
v. + 过 + (obj./time)
Denotes past experience that had some kind of impact on the present (以前 is usually implied)
Reduplication of verbs
Softens the tone of a request (can only duplicate action verbs, not modal (i.e. 想))
Structure that connects two verbs, one proceeding the other either one-time or habitually.
Example:
他一上课就想睡觉 (habitual)
这课的语法很容易, 我一看就懂 (one-time, has context):
不 vs. 没
不: negates modal verbs (i.e. 很, 去, 想) OR negates habitual part of action verbs
没: negates all action verbs in progressive/action completed
Rules with 够
CANNOT modify nouns, has to come after
(i.e. n. + 够了)
Unless used with 足 (zu)
(i.e. 足够的 + n.)
Duplication of phrases
Denotes a more serious or enthusiastic tone
去 vs. 来
去: away from speaker
来: towards speaker
