Grammar from Class Flashcards
1
Q
After that . . .
A
Emva kwalokho
2
Q
We’re dying of . . .
A
Siyafa ______. E. g., Siyafa imvula!
3
Q
All / Totality (of something)
A
—sa— 1st sonke 2nd nonke 3rd bonke konke
4
Q
only
A
—dwa 1st ngedwa < sodwa 2nd wedwa < nodwa 3rd yedwa < bodwa kodwa
5
Q
possessive stems
A
1st —mi < —ethu
2nd —kho < —enu
3rd —khe < —bo
—kho
6
Q
recent past tense
A
—ile (verb focus) or —e
E. g., ngidlile noma ngidle izinkwa.
7
Q
object markers
A
1st —ngi— < —si—
2nd —ku— < —ni—
3rd —mu— < —ba—
—ku—
8
Q
passive marker
A
—iwe, e.g. “Cha, ngidliwe, ngichithe imali yami.” i. e., “No, I was eaten. I wasted my money.”
9
Q
Change in status quo (used with future or past tense)
A
1st sengi— < sesi—
2nd sewu— < seni—
3rd use— < sebe—
seku—
e. g., A: “Udlile?” B: “Yebo, sengidlile.”
10
Q
adverb marker
A
ka—
- ) kuhle (good), kahle (well)
- ) kubi (bad), kabi (badly)
