Grammar Flashcards
1
Q
begin to
A
s v ＋ はじめる
2
Q
effort
A
〜ようにする
3
Q
so that
A
〜c v ように
4
Q
intention
A
〜ようと思う
5
Q
even though
A
〜のに
6
Q
seems like
A
〜みたい
7
Q
expressing desire
A
Stem + たいと思います
8
Q
expressing strong desire
A
Stem + たいと思っています
9
Q
denying permission
A
～てはいけません
10
Q
expressing you must not
A
～てはだめです
11
Q
granting permission
A
～てもいいです
12
Q
expressing doing one action, before another
A
Finite form 前（に）
13
Q
expressing your ability
A
Finite form ことができます
14
Q
expressing the time frame (when)
A
Finite form 時
15
Q
during the time (whilst)
A
Finite form 間（に）
16
Q
quoting what someone said
A
Finite form と言う
17
Q
quoting what someone thinks
A
Finite form と思う
18
Q
expressing please don’t do something
A
Base + ないでください
19
Q
advising one not to do something
A
Base + ないほうがいいです
20
Q
expressing that you must do
A
Base + なければなりません
21
Q
expressing that you have to
A
Base + なくてはいけません
22
Q
indicating that you don’t have to do something
A
Base + なくてもいいです
23
Q
giving advice
A
～たほうがいいです
24
Q
giving examples of actions within a context
A
～たり〜たり
25
expressing alternative states
～たり〜たり
26
expressing doing one action after another
～た後（で）
27
expressing your experience
～たことがある
28
give to me (my group)
Noun をくれる
29
give to another
Noun をあげる
30
receive from
Noun をもらう
31
sequencing before
Noun の前（に）
32
during the time, whilst
Noun の間（に）
33
sequencing after
Noun の後（で）
34
the time when
Noun の時（に）
35
called
Noun + という+ noun…
36
nominalisation (the one)
の
37
nominalisation
こと
38
expressing how an action is performed
い adjective～く
な adjective～に
39
expressing how something changes
い adjective～くなる
な adjective～になる
40
expressing how you change something
い adjective～くする
な adjective～にする
41
subject
が
42
indicating extent
で
43
soft question marker
の
44
soft sentence ending
の
45
interjection (expressing feelings)
かな
46
expressing indecision (feminine)
かしら
47
mild emphasis (feminine)
わ
48
however (but)
けれど
けど
49
giving a reason ( since, so)
～から
50
cause, reason (because, since, so)
～ので
51
linking (besides that, what’s more)
それに
52
linking (and so)
それで
53
quoting speech or thoughts
～と
54
saying something is difficult to do
Stem + にくいです
55
saying something is easy to do
Stem + やすいです
56
indicating actions done simultaneously
Stem + ながら
57
expressing how to do something
Stem + 方
58
doing an action or favour for me (my group)
～てくれます
59
doing a favour for another
～てあげます
60
receiving a favour
～てもらいます
61
conditional (when)
Finite form と
62
reporting what someone else said/hearsay
Finite form そうです
63
giving a comparison
Finite form より/ほうが
64
asking a comparison question
Finite form のと finite form のと…ですか
65
indicating probability
Finite form でしょう
66
indicating possibility
Finite form かもしれません
67
expressing intention
Finite form つもりです
68
expressing a condition
～たら
69
making comparisons
Noun + は noun とくらべて
70
asking about comparisons
Noun + と noun + と
71
making comparisons
Noun + より noun のほうが …
72
indicating that something is the same
Noun + は noun + とおなじです
73
expressing something is different
Noun + は noun とちがいます
74
asking what something is
Noun + って
Noun + というのは～
75
expressing the first time
Noun ははじめてです。
76
indicating that one starts doing something
Stem + はじめます
77
finish doing something with regret
～て+しまいます
78
expressing that you do something completely
～て+しまいます
79
expressing when you do something in preparation; in advance
～て+おきます
80
finish doing something with regret (causal form)
食べてしまう → 食べちゃう
食べてしまった → 食べちゃった
81
expressing distress, confusion
～て+こまります
82
expressing even if an action or condition exits
～て+も
83
indicating intention
Finite form よてい
84
linking statements or accentuating a reason
Finite form し
85
even though, despite, although
Finite form のに
86
forming a complex noun phrase
Finite form NOUN
87
expressing whether or not
Finite form かどうか
88
expressing whether or if
Finite form か
89
explaining, clarifying
Finite form んです
Finite form のです
90
expressing appearance; or likelihood
Finite form みたい
Adjective みたい
Noun みたい
91
make an effort not to
Base + ないようにする
92
make sure you do not
Base + ないようにする
93
so that something won't happen
Base + ないように
94
advice
Base + ないように
95
without/instead of
Base + ないで
96
complex sentences
の
97
adjectival clause
の
98
indefinite or something (else)
でも
99
extent + negative (only)
しか
100
extent (only)
だけ
101
expressing an intention
Base + と思います
102
expressing a suggestion
Base + ～おう～よう
103
expressing persuasion
Base + ～おう～よう
104
indicating that you can do something
Base + えます
Base + られます
105
expressing that someone wants someone to do something
～て+ほしい
106
indicating purpose
Finite form ため（に）
107
getting to the state where…
Finite form ようになる
108
a change has taken place
Finite form ようになる
109
purpose, for the benefit of
Noun のために
110
according to something/someone
Noun によると～そうです
111
started to , learned to
Potential form + ようになる
112
so that
Potential + ように
