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Language > GRAMMAR FLASH CARDS- Y12 > Flashcards

GRAMMAR FLASH CARDS- Y12

1
Q

Noun が できる

A

I can do something

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2
Q

Verb こと が できない

A

I can’t do something

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3
Q

Verb の が できます

の が できません

A

I can do something

I can’t do something

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4
Q

Verb 1 Plain ending replaced by える

Eg. 話します=話せる

A

I can do something (potential form for verb 1)

I can eat

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5
Q

Verb 2 plain form ending replaced by られる/れる

Eg. 食べる= たべ(ら)れる
Negative form would be たべ(ら)れない

A

I can something ( potential form for verb 2)

Eg. I can eat

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6
Q

来る= これる

= これない

A

I can come

I can’t come

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7
Q

する= できる

= できない

A

Can do

can’t do

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8
Q

いく= 行ける

= いけない

A

I can go

I can’t go

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9
Q

Verb 1 volitional form (O sound) + う

Eg. あそびます=あそぼう

A

Let’s do something ( informal)

Eg. Let’s play

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10
Q

Verb 2 stem + よう

Eg, 食べよう

A 
Volitional form ( informal)
Lets do something 
Eg. Let’s eat
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11
Q

しょう
こよう
行こう

A

Verb 3 volitional form ( informal)
Let’s do something
Let’s come
Let’s go

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12
Q

Volitional form (OU sound) + と思います。

A

I think I will

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13
Q

万

A

まん

10000

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14
Q

千

A

せん

1000

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15
Q

百

A

ひゃく

100

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16
Q

十

A

じゅう

10

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17
Q

一

A

いち

1

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18
Q

いつ

A

When

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19
Q

だれ

A

Who

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20
Q

何

A

なん

What

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21
Q

どうして

A

Why

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22
Q

なぜ

A

Why

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23
Q

どれ

A

Which

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24
Q

しっていますか。

A

Do you know

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25
Q

しりません。

A

I don’t know

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26
Q

分かりますか。

A

Do you understand

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27
Q

わすれました

A

I’ve forgotten

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28
Q

ききましょう

A

Let’s ask

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29
Q

きめていません

A

I have not decided

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30
Q

そうだんしましょうか

A

Shall we discuss

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31
Q

しらべました

A

I checked

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32
Q

かんがえています

A

I’m considering

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33
Q

きめています

A

I’m deciding

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34
Q

たずねました

A

I enquired

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35
Q

おぼえています

A

I remember

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36
Q 
Plain verb                            + かどうか + verb
い adjective
Present noun 
な adj present 
Noun past
な adj past
A

Expressing “whether or not”

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37
Q

Verb plain form + よてい (なん) です

Eg. 日本に行くよていなんです。

A

Making plans

Eg. I plan to go to japan

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38
Q

Verb て + しまいます。
+しまう

Eg1. きのう、この本を読んでしまいました。

Eg2. 家にしゅくだいをわすれてしまいました。

A

To do something completely/ thoroughly
OR
describing disappointment/ inconvenience as a result of something out of my control

Eg1. yesterday I finished reading this book yesterday

Eg2. I left my homework at home ( out of control)

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39
Q

Verb て + 困る
Adjective て(くて/で) 困った
Noun で 困ります
困りました

A

Expressing discomfort, distress, confusion, concern problem or difficult situation

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40
Q

Verb て
Adjective て + よかったです
Noun で よかった

A

Expressing your glad that something happened

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41
Q

て form verb +おきます
+ おく

Eg. 日本に行く前に、夏ふくを買っておいた方がいいと思います。

A

You are doing that action in preparations for something

Eg. I think I better buy summer clothes before going to japan in preparation

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42
Q

Adj plain form + し + adj plain form +し reasonので/から

Or

Verb plain form + し verb plain form + し + reasonので/から

A

Giving reasons

not only because of this but also because of that, so…

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43
Q 
Verb plain
い adj plain
な adj.                                                        + みたい
Noun pos
Noun neg/ past plain ending

Eg. 春が来たみたいです

A

Describing how things seem

Eg. it seems/ feels like spring has come

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44
Q

Sentences in plain form, all tenses + のです。/んです。

Eg1. どうして学校に行かないんですか。

Eg2. あたまがいたいんです。

A

Explanations or justifications ( not used in formal essay writing)

Eg1.why don’t you go to school?

Eg2. I have a headache

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45
Q

どちら

A 
More polite than どっち
Means which (of the two)
46
Q

どこ

A

Where

47
Q

どなた

A

More polite than だれ

Who

48
Q

どれ

A

Which (among more than two )

49
Q

いくら

A

How much

50
Q

いくつ

A

How many

51
Q

いつ

A

When

52
Q

どうして

A

Why

53
Q

なぜか

A

Why

54
Q

何

A

What

55
Q

だれか

A

Someone

56
Q

Question word + か

A

Some…

57
Q

どなたか

A

Someone

58
Q

どちらか

A

One of the two

59
Q

どっちか

A

One of the two

60
Q

どこかp

A

Somewhere

61
Q

どうか

A

Somehow

62
Q

どれか

A

One of more than two

63
Q

いくらか

A

Some amount

64
Q

いくつか

A

Some number

65
Q

なぜか

A

Somehow

66
Q

どうしてか

A

Somehow

67
Q

いつか

A

One day

68
Q

何か

A

Something

69
Q

何人か

A

Some people

70
Q

何さつか

A

Some books

71
Q

Question words + でも positive verb

A

Every…/ any…

When using demo usually replaces particle は、が and を but not で、と、に or へ

72
Q

どちらでも

A

Both

73
Q

どっちも

A

Both

74
Q

どこでも

A

Anywhere, everywhere

75
Q

どうしてでも

A

By all means

76
Q

いつでも

A

Always

77
Q

だれでも

A

Anyone/ everyone

78
Q

なんでも

A

Anything/ everything

79
Q

みんな

A

Everything

80
Q

ぜんぶ

A

Everything

81
Q

みんなさん

A

Everyone

82
Q

みんな

A

Everyone

83
Q

Question time + も negative ending

A

No….

84
Q

だれも。。。ない

A

Nobody

85
Q

どちらも(どっち)、、、ない

A

Neither

86
Q

どこも、、、ない

A

Nowhere

87
Q

いくらも、、、ない

A

Not much

88
Q

いくつも、、、ない

A

Not many

89
Q

何も。。。ない

A

Nothing

90
Q

いつも。。。ない

A

Never

91
Q

どのnounも。。。ない

A

No (noun)

92
Q

だれも、、、ない

A

No one

93
Q

どんなnounも、、、ない

A

No kind of ( noun)

94
Q

何counterも、、、ない

A

Not many

95
Q

Noun だけ

A

Only,

96
Q

Noun しか verb negative

A

Only

has a more disappointing feel in comparison to だけ

97
Q

い adj + の
な adj

Eg. あかるいの

A

One

Eg. bright one

98
Q

い adjective= drop い + さ
な adjective = drop な+ さ

Eg. きれいな=きれいさ

A

Making adjectives into nouns

99
Q 
いadj clause (plain present) + noun
Verb clause (plain present) + noun

Eg. 火山が多い国

A

Relative clause for verbs and adjectives

Eg. the country which has lots of volcanos

100
Q

なadj clause (plain present)+ な + noun
( plain past) +だった+ noun

Eg.
やきゅうがじょうずな友達

A

Relative clause for な adjective

Eg, the friend who was good at baseball

101
Q 
Noun clause( plain present )の   + noun
                         (Plain past) だった + noun

Eg. 花がむらさきいろだった木はジャカランダという木です。

A

Relative clause for noun

Eg, the tree which has purple flowers is called a jacaranda

102
Q

Fist action (didn’t do) Verb negative plain+ ないで + second action (did do)

A

Expressing that the second action was done without the first action

103
Q

Verb plain form + ように

Verbないform + ように

A

Saying that you will make an effort to do something, try to do

104
Q

Verb plain Negative ない + ように

A

Giving warning ‘so as to not’

So something doesn’t happen, do something else

105
Q

Verb て +も
Adj て +も
Noun で +も

A

Expressing if/ although

Out some has to be unexpected/ negative meaning

106
Q

Question word + て form of Verb,Adj,N + も

A

‘No matter what” ….. something happens/is a certain way

107
Q

Verb stem + はじめます

+はじめる

A

Start doing something

108
Q 
Verb plain form (all tenses)
い adj plain form
な adj／noun                                +のに
(Plain pres= な)
(plain past =だった)
A

Even though/although/ despite something, when things go contrary to expectations

109
Q

Quantity + も

A

As many as …..

110
Q

Quantity question word + も

Eg. ヒロシくんはガルフレンドが何人もいます。

A

Many ( more than you would expect)

Eg. Hiroshi has many girlfriends

111
Q

なぜ

A

Why

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