GRAMMAR FLASH CARDS- Y12

1
Q

Noun が できる

A

I can do something

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2
Q

Verb こと が できない

A

I can’t do something

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3
Q

Verb の が できます

の が できません

A

I can do something

I can’t do something

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4
Q

Verb 1 Plain ending replaced by える

Eg. 話します=話せる

A

I can do something (potential form for verb 1)

I can eat

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5
Q

Verb 2 plain form ending replaced by られる/れる

Eg. 食べる= たべ(ら)れる
Negative form would be たべ(ら)れない

A

I can something ( potential form for verb 2)

Eg. I can eat

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6
Q

来る= これる

= これない

A

I can come

I can’t come

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7
Q

する= できる

= できない

A

Can do

can’t do

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8
Q

いく= 行ける

= いけない

A

I can go

I can’t go

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9
Q

Verb 1 volitional form (O sound) + う

Eg. あそびます=あそぼう

A

Let’s do something ( informal)

Eg. Let’s play

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10
Q

Verb 2 stem + よう

Eg, 食べよう

A
Volitional form ( informal)
Lets do something 
Eg. Let’s eat
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11
Q

しょう
こよう
行こう

A

Verb 3 volitional form ( informal)
Let’s do something
Let’s come
Let’s go

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12
Q

Volitional form (OU sound) + と思います。

A

I think I will

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13
Q

A

まん

10000

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14
Q

A

せん

1000

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15
Q

A

ひゃく

100

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16
Q

A

じゅう

10

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17
Q

A

いち

1

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18
Q

いつ

A

When

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19
Q

だれ

A

Who

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20
Q

A

なん

What

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21
Q

どうして

A

Why

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22
Q

なぜ

A

Why

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23
Q

どれ

A

Which

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24
Q

しっていますか。

A

Do you know

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25
しりません。
I don’t know
26
分かりますか。
Do you understand
27
わすれました
I’ve forgotten
28
ききましょう
Let’s ask
29
きめていません
I have not decided
30
そうだんしましょうか
Shall we discuss
31
しらべました
I checked
32
かんがえています
I’m considering
33
きめています
I’m deciding
34
たずねました
I enquired
35
おぼえています
I remember
36
``` Plain verb + かどうか + verb い adjective Present noun な adj present Noun past な adj past ```
Expressing “whether or not”
37
Verb plain form + よてい (なん) です Eg. 日本に行くよていなんです。
Making plans Eg. I plan to go to japan
38
Verb て + しまいます。 +しまう Eg1. きのう、この本を読んでしまいました。 Eg2. 家にしゅくだいをわすれてしまいました。
To do something completely/ thoroughly OR describing disappointment/ inconvenience as a result of something out of my control Eg1. yesterday I finished reading this book yesterday Eg2. I left my homework at home ( out of control)
39
Verb て + 困る Adjective て(くて/で) 困った Noun で 困ります 困りました
Expressing discomfort, distress, confusion, concern problem or difficult situation
40
Verb て Adjective て + よかったです Noun で よかった
Expressing your glad that something happened
41
て form verb +おきます + おく Eg. 日本に行く前に、夏ふくを買っておいた方がいいと思います。
You are doing that action in preparations for something Eg. I think I better buy summer clothes before going to japan in preparation
42
Adj plain form + し + adj plain form +し reasonので/から Or Verb plain form + し verb plain form + し + reasonので/から
Giving reasons | not only because of this but also because of that, so...
43
``` Verb plain い adj plain な adj. + みたい Noun pos Noun neg/ past plain ending ``` Eg. 春が来たみたいです
Describing how things seem Eg. it seems/ feels like spring has come
44
Sentences in plain form, all tenses + のです。/んです。 Eg1. どうして学校に行かないんですか。 Eg2. あたまがいたいんです。
Explanations or justifications ( not used in formal essay writing) Eg1.why don’t you go to school? Eg2. I have a headache
45
どちら
``` More polite than どっち Means which (of the two) ```
46
どこ
Where
47
どなた
More polite than だれ | Who
48
どれ
Which (among more than two )
49
いくら
How much
50
いくつ
How many
51
いつ
When
52
どうして
Why
53
なぜか
Why
54
What
55
だれか
Someone
56
Question word + か
Some...
57
どなたか
Someone
58
どちらか
One of the two
59
どっちか
One of the two
60
どこかp
Somewhere
61
どうか
Somehow
62
どれか
One of more than two
63
いくらか
Some amount
64
いくつか
Some number
65
なぜか
Somehow
66
どうしてか
Somehow
67
いつか
One day
68
何か
Something
69
何人か
Some people
70
何さつか
Some books
71
Question words + でも positive verb
Every.../ any... When using demo usually replaces particle は、が and を but not で、と、に or へ
72
どちらでも
Both
73
どっちも
Both
74
どこでも
Anywhere, everywhere
75
どうしてでも
By all means
76
いつでも
Always
77
だれでも
Anyone/ everyone
78
なんでも
Anything/ everything
79
みんな
Everything
80
ぜんぶ
Everything
81
みんなさん
Everyone
82
みんな
Everyone
83
Question time + も negative ending
No....
84
だれも。。。ない
Nobody
85
どちらも(どっち)、、、ない
Neither
86
どこも、、、ない
Nowhere
87
いくらも、、、ない
Not much
88
いくつも、、、ない
Not many
89
何も。。。ない
Nothing
90
いつも。。。ない
Never
91
どのnounも。。。ない
No (noun)
92
だれも、、、ない
No one
93
どんなnounも、、、ない
No kind of ( noun)
94
何counterも、、、ない
Not many
95
Noun だけ
Only,
96
Noun しか verb negative
Only | has a more disappointing feel in comparison to だけ
97
い adj + の な adj Eg. あかるいの
One Eg. bright one
98
い adjective= drop い + さ な adjective = drop な+ さ Eg. きれいな=きれいさ
Making adjectives into nouns
99
``` いadj clause (plain present) + noun Verb clause (plain present) + noun ``` Eg. 火山が多い国
Relative clause for verbs and adjectives Eg. the country which has lots of volcanos
100
なadj clause (plain present)+ な + noun ( plain past) +だった+ noun Eg. やきゅうがじょうずな友達
Relative clause for な adjective Eg, the friend who was good at baseball
101
``` Noun clause( plain present )の + noun (Plain past) だった + noun ``` Eg. 花がむらさきいろだった木はジャカランダという木です。
Relative clause for noun Eg, the tree which has purple flowers is called a jacaranda
102
Fist action (didn’t do) Verb negative plain+ ないで + second action (did do)
Expressing that the second action was done without the first action
103
Verb plain form + ように | Verbないform + ように
Saying that you will make an effort to do something, try to do
104
Verb plain Negative ない + ように
Giving warning ‘so as to not’ So something doesn’t happen, do something else
105
Verb て +も Adj て +も Noun で +も
Expressing if/ although Out some has to be unexpected/ negative meaning
106
Question word + て form of Verb,Adj,N + も
‘No matter what” ..... something happens/is a certain way
107
Verb stem + はじめます | +はじめる
Start doing something
108
``` Verb plain form (all tenses) い adj plain form な adj/noun +のに (Plain pres= な) (plain past =だった) ```
Even though/although/ despite something, when things go contrary to expectations
109
Quantity + も
As many as .....
110
Quantity question word + も Eg. ヒロシくんはガルフレンドが何人もいます。
Many ( more than you would expect) Eg. Hiroshi has many girlfriends
111
なぜ
Why