grammar features

Question 1

descriptive language attitude

Answer 1

how language is used

Question 2

prescriptive language attitudes

Answer 2

rules and notations of correctness

Question 3

morphology

Answer 3

how words are formed
->morpheme
->lexical item

Question 4

syntax

Answer 4

how sentences are formed
->phrase
->clause
->sentence

Question 5

prefix

Answer 5

added to start of root word

Question 6

suffix

Answer 6

added to end of root word

Question 7

inflectional function

Answer 7

show tense and plurality of word

Question 8

derivational function

Answer 8

create a new word

Question 9

open classes

Answer 9

new words can be added
->nouns
->verbs
->abbreviations

Question 10

closed classes

Answer 10

no new words can be added
->pronouns
->prepositions
->determiners

Question 11

comparative adjectives

Answer 11

-er ending

Question 12

superlative adjectives

Answer 12

-est ending

Question 13

common noun

Answer 13

kind of person/thing general to all
->man
->country

Question 14

collective noun

Answer 14

group of things
->bunch
->swarm

Question 15

abstract noun

Answer 15

things that cannot be seen, heard, tasted or smelt
->love
->fear

Question 16

proper noun

Answer 16

refer to specific person/place/thing and have capital letters
->London
->Paris

Question 17

count nouns

Answer 17

can be pluralised and use an article
-> a participant/the participants

Question 18

non-count/mass nouns

Answer 18

cannot be pluralised and do not require an indefinite article
->water

Question 19

concrete nouns

Answer 19

refer to physical objects and entities
->cat
->table

Question 20

head noun

Answer 20

focus of noun phrase

Question 21

determiner

Answer 21

article before noun that determines how many or who it belongs to

Question 22

modifier

Answer 22

adjective/adverb that comes before noun to describe it

Question 23

qualifier

Answer 23

comes after the noun to describe it

Question 24

preposition

Answer 24

tells us where something is

Question 25

past participle

Answer 25

formed from verbs to be used as adjectives (conversion) or form verb tenses (-ed, -en)

Question 26

present participle

Answer 26

ending in (-ing) continuous tense

Question 27

transitive verb

Answer 27

has to be followed by an object

Question 28

intransitive verb

Answer 28

does not need to be followed by an object

Question 29

auxiliary verb

Answer 29

helps other verbs comes before main verb ->be, do, have

Question 30

modal verb

Answer 30

deontic=necessity ->should, will, must, cannot epistemic=optional ->might, may, could, can

Question 31

perfect aspect

Answer 31

completed action -> usually -ed ending

Question 32

progressive aspect

Answer 32

ongoing/incomplete action -> usually -ing ending

Question 33

active voice

Answer 33

subject performing action -> SVO ->Kim hit the cat

Question 34

passive voice

Answer 34

subject having action done to it -> OVS -> the cat was hit by Kim

Question 35

dynamic verbs

Answer 35

obvious action ->to run -> to swim

Question 36

stative verbs

Answer 36

no obvious action -> to know -> to believe

Question 37

independent clause

Answer 37

group of words containing a verb that makes sense on its own -> the dog barked

Question 38

subordinate clause

Answer 38

group of words that adds info to main clause BUT does not make sense on own -> when the postman opened the gate

Question 39

relative clause

Answer 39

starts with a relative pronoun that’s requires prior info and adds extra info to main clause ->which, whom, who, whose

Question 40

adverbial clause

Answer 40

acts like an adverb and modifies verbs, adverbs and adjectives gives info about ->reason= because ->time= before/after ->place= where ->condition= if/unless

Question 41

complex sentence

Answer 41

1 main clause and 1+ sub clauses

Question 42

minor sentence

Answer 42

fragments of sentences that lack subject/main verb but still make sense

Question 43

simple sentence

Answer 43

1 main clause with subject and verb

Question 44

compound sentence

Answer 44

2 main clauses bound with coordinating conjunction

Question 45

coordinating conjunctions

Answer 45

For And Nor But Or Yet So

Question 46

subject

Answer 46

performs action of verb -> SVO

Question 47

object

Answer 47

receives action of verb -> OVS

Question 48

complement

Answer 48

instead of object that adds more info about subject follows verb ‘to be’ -> SVC

Question 49

adverbial

Answer 49

adds more info about subject of the verb at the end -> SVA -> SVOA

Question 50

declaratives

Answer 50

statement -> full stop

Question 51

interrogatives

Answer 51

questions -> question marks

Question 52

imperatives

Answer 52

begin with imperative verb and command -> full stop

Question 53

exclamations

Answer 53

show elation etc -> exclamation mark

Question 54

deixis

Answer 54

context dependent words -> i am here now= deictic