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english language > grammar features > Flashcards

grammar features Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

descriptive language attitude

A

how language is used

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2
Q

prescriptive language attitudes

A

rules and notations of correctness

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3
Q

morphology

A

how words are formed
->morpheme
->lexical item

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4
Q

syntax

A

how sentences are formed
->phrase
->clause
->sentence

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5
Q

prefix

A

added to start of root word

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6
Q

suffix

A

added to end of root word

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7
Q

inflectional function

A

show tense and plurality of word

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8
Q

derivational function

A

create a new word

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9
Q

open classes

A

new words can be added
->nouns
->verbs
->abbreviations

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10
Q

closed classes

A

no new words can be added
->pronouns
->prepositions
->determiners

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11
Q

comparative adjectives

A

-er ending

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12
Q

superlative adjectives

A

-est ending

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13
Q

common noun

A

kind of person/thing general to all
->man
->country

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14
Q

collective noun

A

group of things
->bunch
->swarm

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15
Q

abstract noun

A

things that cannot be seen, heard, tasted or smelt
->love
->fear

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16
Q

proper noun

A

refer to specific person/place/thing and have capital letters
->London
->Paris

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17
Q

count nouns

A

can be pluralised and use an article
-> a participant/the participants

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18
Q

non-count/mass nouns

A

cannot be pluralised and do not require an indefinite article
->water

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19
Q

concrete nouns

A

refer to physical objects and entities
->cat
->table

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20
Q

head noun

A

focus of noun phrase

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21
Q

determiner

A

article before noun that determines how many or who it belongs to

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22
Q

modifier

A

adjective/adverb that comes before noun to describe it

23
Q

qualifier

A

comes after the noun to describe it

24
Q

preposition

A

tells us where something is

25
Q

past participle

A

formed from verbs to be used as adjectives (conversion) or form verb tenses (-ed, -en)

26
Q

present participle

A

ending in (-ing) continuous tense

27
Q

transitive verb

A

has to be followed by an object

28
Q

intransitive verb

A

does not need to be followed by an object

29
Q

auxiliary verb

A

helps other verbs
comes before main verb
->be, do, have

30
Q

modal verb

A

deontic=necessity
->should, will, must, cannot
epistemic=optional
->might, may, could, can

31
Q

perfect aspect

A

completed action
-> usually -ed ending

32
Q

progressive aspect

A

ongoing/incomplete action
-> usually -ing ending

33
Q

active voice

A

subject performing action
-> SVO
->Kim hit the cat

34
Q

passive voice

A

subject having action done to it
-> OVS
-> the cat was hit by Kim

35
Q

dynamic verbs

A

obvious action
->to run
-> to swim

36
Q

stative verbs

A

no obvious action
-> to know
-> to believe

37
Q

independent clause

A

group of words containing a verb that makes sense on its own
-> the dog barked

38
Q

subordinate clause

A

group of words that adds info to main clause BUT does not make sense on own
-> when the postman opened the gate

39
Q

relative clause

A

starts with a relative pronoun that’s requires prior info and adds extra info to main clause
->which, whom, who, whose

40
Q

adverbial clause

A

acts like an adverb and modifies verbs, adverbs and adjectives
gives info about
->reason= because
->time= before/after
->place= where
->condition= if/unless

41
Q

complex sentence

A

1 main clause and 1+ sub clauses

42
Q

minor sentence

A

fragments of sentences that lack subject/main verb but still make sense

43
Q

simple sentence

A

1 main clause with subject and verb

44
Q

compound sentence

A

2 main clauses bound with coordinating conjunction

45
Q

coordinating conjunctions

A

For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So

46
Q

subject

A

performs action of verb
-> SVO

47
Q

object

A

receives action of verb
-> OVS

48
Q

complement

A

instead of object that adds more info about subject
follows verb ‘to be’
-> SVC

49
Q

adverbial

A

adds more info about subject of the verb at the end
-> SVA
-> SVOA

50
Q

declaratives

A

statement
-> full stop

51
Q

interrogatives

A

questions
-> question marks

52
Q

imperatives

A

begin with imperative verb and command
-> full stop

53
Q

exclamations

A

show elation etc
-> exclamation mark

54
Q

deixis

A

context dependent words
-> i am here now= deictic

english language (8 decks)

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