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Gaelic Exam Week 9 > Grammar etc. > Flashcards

Grammar etc. Flashcards

1
Q

Non-lenitable sounds

A

dentals (d,t after n), hard s-pairs (sp, sg,sm, st), LEARN, vowels

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2
Q

Syntax

A

Verb-Subject-Object

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3
Q

I

A

mi/mise

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4
Q

you (sg)

A

thu/thusa

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5
Q

he

A

e/esan

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6
Q

she

A

i/ise

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7
Q

we

A

sinn/sinnse

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8
Q

you (pl)

A

sibh/sibhse

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9
Q

they

A

iad/iadsan

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10
Q

my

A

mo/m’ (+lenition)

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11
Q

your (sg)

A

do/d’ (+lenition)

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12
Q

his

A

a/nothing if followed by vowel (+lenition)

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13
Q

her

A

a/a h-

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14
Q

our

A

ur

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15
Q

your (pl)

A

ar

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16
Q

their

A

an/am if followed by BFMP

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17
Q

He/my brother has children

A

Tha clann aige/ aig do bhràthair

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18
Q

at

A

aig (same form for def. and indef. article)

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19
Q

on

A

air (same form for def. and indef. article)

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20
Q

with

A

le/leis (followed by def. article)

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21
Q

in

A

ann an or am (BFMB)/anns (followed by def. article)

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22
Q

towards/alongside

A

ri

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23
Q

to/for

A

do/don or dhan (NOT followed by def. article)

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24
Q

from (not permanent)

A

bho/bhon (followed by def. article)

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25
Q

below

A

fo/fon (followed by def. article)

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26
Q

from (permanent)

A

à/às (if followed by def. article)

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27
Q

at me

A

agam

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28
Q

at you (sg)

A

agad

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29
Q

at him

A

aige

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30
Q

at her

A

aice

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31
Q

at us

A

againn

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32
Q

at you (pl)

A

agaibh

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33
Q

at them

A

aca

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34
Q

on me

A

orm

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35
Q

on you (sg)

A

ort

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36
Q

on him

A

air

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37
Q

on her

A

oirre

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38
Q

on us

A

oirnn

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39
Q

on you (pl)

A

oirbh

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40
Q

on them

A

orra

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41
Q

with me

A

leam

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42
Q

with you (sg)

A

leat

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43
Q

with him

A

leis

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44
Q

with her

A

leatha

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45
Q

with us

A

leinn

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46
Q

with you (pl)

A

leibh

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47
Q

with them

A

leotha

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48
Q

in me

A

annam

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49
Q

with you (sg)

A

annad

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50
Q

with him

A

ann

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51
Q

with her

A

innte

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52
Q

with us

A

annainn

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53
Q

with you (pl)

A

annaibh

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54
Q

with them

A

annta

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55
Q

have

A

at –> aig + name/prep- pron. aig

56
Q

I have kids

A

Tha clann agam

57
Q

know

A

knowledge is at me –> fhios aig + name/prep. pron. ‘aig’

58
Q

I know

A

Tha fhios agam

59
Q

adjectives

A

usually follow the nouns they qualify

60
Q

adjectives that precede nouns and cause LENITION

A

seann, deagh, droch,

aon, dearbh

61
Q

adjectives following a feminine noun (nominative form)

A

lenition if possible

62
Q

adjectives following a masculine noun ( nominative form)

A

no lenition

63
Q

adjective following a plural noun (nominative form)

A

no lenition, except if preceding noun ends in slender consonant,

an extra syllable is added to the following adjective, if it is monosyllabic AND gorm, dearg (+e/+a)

64
Q

the same

A

aon or dearbh –> both precede nouns and cause lenition and are preceded by def. articles
(aon does not lenite a following d/t)

65
Q

article: masc. nouns beginning with consonants

A

an

66
Q

article: masc. nouns beginning with BFMP

A

am

67
Q

article: masc. nouns beginning with vowel

A

an-t

68
Q

article: fem. nouns beginning with non-lenitable sounds

A

an

69
Q

article: fem. nouns beginning with lenitable sounds

A

a’ (+ lenition)

70
Q

article: fem. nouns beginning with f

A

an (+ lenition: fh)

71
Q

article: fem. nouns with s (not hard s-sounds)

A

an-t

72
Q

What is your name?

A

Dè an t-ainm a th’ort

73
Q

wear

A

on –> air + name/prep. pron. ‘air’

74
Q

I wear a dress

A

Tha dreasa orm

75
Q

BE thirsty

A

Tha am pathadh air + name/prep. pron. ‘air’

76
Q

I am thirsty

A

Tha am pathadh orm

77
Q

naming

A

‘S e (name) a th’ (prep. pron. ‘air’)

78
Q

My name is Sophie

A

‘S e Sophie a th’orm

79
Q

What color is it?

A

Dè an dath a th’air?

80
Q

BE hungry

A

Tha an t-acras air + name/prep. pron. ‘air’

81
Q

I am hungry

A

Tha an t-acras orm

82
Q

BE sleepy

A

Tha an cadal air + name/prep. pron. ‘air’

83
Q

I am sleepy

A

Tha an cadal orm

84
Q

BE drunk

A

Tha an deoch air + name/prep. pron ‘air’

85
Q

I am drunk

A

Tha an deoch orm

86
Q

What is wrong with …?

A

Dè tha ceàrr air + name/prep. pron. ‘air’

87
Q

What is wrong with you?

A

Dè tha ceàrr ort?

88
Q

…love….

A

Tha gaol aig + name/prep. pron. ‘aig’ air + name/prep. pron. ‘air’

89
Q

I love you

A

Tha gaol agam ort

90
Q

only have

A

Chan eil aig + name/prep. pron. ‘aig’ ach …

91
Q

I only have a small car

A

Chan eil agam ach càr beag

92
Q

work as

A

It is the job that is in … –>

‘S e (job) a th’ ann + name/prep. pron. ‘ann’

93
Q

I work as a nurse

A

‘S e nurs a th’annam

94
Q

It is NOUN/NOUN+ADJECTIVE –> premanent

A

‘S e (noun) a th’ann + name/prep. pron. ‘ann’

95
Q

It is coffee

A

‘S e cofaidh a tha’ann

96
Q

It is ANYTHING ELSE –> changing

A

Tha (pers. pron.) (WORD)

97
Q

It is cold

A

Tha e fuar

98
Q

describing

A

Use THA

99
Q

James is well

A

Tha Seumas gu math

100
Q

defining

saying that one person/thing is another person/thing

A

Use ‘S e

101
Q

‘S e construction with definite nouns (nouns with definite articles, names and place names, nouns with possessive pronouns)

A

‘S e (name/emphatic pers. pron.) (DEF. NOUN.)

102
Q

I am the teacher

A

‘S e mise an tidsear

103
Q

‘S e construction with indefinte nouns

A

‘S e (INDEF. NOUN) a th’ann + an/am (DEF. NOUN)/ a th’prep. pron. ‘ann’

104
Q

Barra is not a big island

A

Chan e eilean mòr a th’ann am Barraigh

105
Q

‘S e forms

A

+ !: ‘S e
+ ?: An e
- !: Chan e
- ?: Nach e

106
Q

Prepositional case/dative case

A

if there is a prepositon in front of noun with a definite article, it changes to a female article –> causes lenition if possible

107
Q

Dative: Preposition + article + male noun

A

prepostion + article + female noun (+ lenition if possible)

108
Q

dative: am BMP

A

prep. a’ Bh/Mh/Ph (lenition)

109
Q

dative: am F

A

prep. an Fh (lenition)

110
Q

dative: an-t (vowel)

A

prep. an Vowel

111
Q

dative: an S

A

prep. an t-s

112
Q

dative: an (lenitable) consonant

A

prep. a’ (lenition)

113
Q

dative: an (non-lenitable) consonant/hard s-pairs/dentals

A

prep. an (non-lenitable) consonant/hard s-pairs/dentals

114
Q

imperatives

A

take on the same form as the root of the verb

115
Q

time

A

analoge, never digital,

always ‘past’ until ?:30 always ‘to’ from ?:30

116
Q

3 o’clock

A

trì uairean

117
Q

12 o’clock

A

dà uair dheug

118
Q

5.40

A

fichead mionaid gu còig

119
Q

3.17

A

seachd mionaidean deug as dèidh trì

120
Q

1.15

A

cairteal as dèidh aon

121
Q

9.30

A

leth uair as dèidh

122
Q

Forms of WAS

A

+ !: bha
+ ?: an robh?
- !: cha robh
- ?: nach robh?

123
Q

Forms of BE

A

+ !: tha
+ ?: a bheil?
- !: chan eil
- ?: nach eil?

124
Q

Forms of WILL

A

+ !: bidh
+ ?: am bi?
- !: cha bhi
- ?: nach

125
Q

like

A

‘S toil le + name/prep. pron. ‘le’ (OBJECT)

126
Q

John likes coffee

A

‘S toil le Iain cofaidh

127
Q

Forms of LIKE

A

+ !: ‘S toil
+ ?: an toil?
- !: cha toil
- ?: nach toil

128
Q

want

A

Tha (pers. pron.) ag iarraidh

129
Q

I want coffee

A

Tha mi ag iarraidh cofaidh

–> more acceptable in Gaelic than in English

130
Q

would like

A

bu toil le + name/prep. pron. ‘le’

131
Q

I would like coffee

A

Bu toil leam

132
Q

Forms of WOULD LIKE

A

+ !: bu toil
+ ?: am bu toil?
- !: cha bu toil
- ?: nach bu toil?

133
Q

verbal nouns

A

correspond to particples in other languages,

most often formed by adding a suffix

134
Q

present tense

A

usually formed by using the verbal noun with THA:
tha (pers. pron./name) ag (before vowels)/a’ (VERBAL NOUN)

–> in the present tense this construction covers both the simple present and the present progressive

135
Q

They watch/are watching

A

Tha iad a’coimhead

Gaelic Exam Week 9 (2 decks)

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