Grammar etc. Flashcards
1
Q
Non-lenitable sounds
A
dentals (d,t after n), hard s-pairs (sp, sg,sm, st), LEARN, vowels
2
Q
Syntax
A
Verb-Subject-Object
3
Q
I
A
mi/mise
4
Q
you (sg)
A
thu/thusa
5
Q
he
A
e/esan
6
Q
she
A
i/ise
7
Q
we
A
sinn/sinnse
8
Q
you (pl)
A
sibh/sibhse
9
Q
they
A
iad/iadsan
10
Q
my
A
mo/m’ (+lenition)
11
Q
your (sg)
A
do/d’ (+lenition)
12
Q
his
A
a/nothing if followed by vowel (+lenition)
13
Q
her
A
a/a h-
14
Q
our
A
ur
15
Q
your (pl)
A
ar
16
Q
their
A
an/am if followed by BFMP
17
Q
He/my brother has children
A
Tha clann aige/ aig do bhràthair
18
Q
at
A
aig (same form for def. and indef. article)
19
Q
on
A
air (same form for def. and indef. article)
20
Q
with
A
le/leis (followed by def. article)
21
Q
in
A
ann an or am (BFMB)/anns (followed by def. article)
22
Q
towards/alongside
A
ri
23
Q
to/for
A
do/don or dhan (NOT followed by def. article)
24
Q
from (not permanent)
A
bho/bhon (followed by def. article)
25
below
fo/fon (followed by def. article)
26
from (permanent)
à/às (if followed by def. article)
27
at me
agam
28
at you (sg)
agad
29
at him
aige
30
at her
aice
31
at us
againn
32
at you (pl)
agaibh
33
at them
aca
34
on me
orm
35
on you (sg)
ort
36
on him
air
37
on her
oirre
38
on us
oirnn
39
on you (pl)
oirbh
40
on them
orra
41
with me
leam
42
with you (sg)
leat
43
with him
leis
44
with her
leatha
45
with us
leinn
46
with you (pl)
leibh
47
with them
leotha
48
in me
annam
49
with you (sg)
annad
50
with him
ann
51
with her
innte
52
with us
annainn
53
with you (pl)
annaibh
54
with them
annta
55
have
at --> aig + name/prep- pron. aig
56
I have kids
Tha clann agam
57
know
knowledge is at me --> fhios aig + name/prep. pron. 'aig'
58
I know
Tha fhios agam
59
adjectives
usually follow the nouns they qualify
60
adjectives that precede nouns and cause LENITION
seann, deagh, droch,
aon, dearbh
61
adjectives following a feminine noun (nominative form)
lenition if possible
62
adjectives following a masculine noun ( nominative form)
no lenition
63
adjective following a plural noun (nominative form)
no lenition, except if preceding noun ends in slender consonant,
an extra syllable is added to the following adjective, if it is monosyllabic AND gorm, dearg (+e/+a)
64
the same
aon or dearbh --> both precede nouns and cause lenition and are preceded by def. articles
(aon does not lenite a following d/t)
65
article: masc. nouns beginning with consonants
an
66
article: masc. nouns beginning with BFMP
am
67
article: masc. nouns beginning with vowel
an-t
68
article: fem. nouns beginning with non-lenitable sounds
an
69
article: fem. nouns beginning with lenitable sounds
a' (+ lenition)
70
article: fem. nouns beginning with f
an (+ lenition: fh)
71
article: fem. nouns with s (not hard s-sounds)
an-t
72
What is your name?
Dè an t-ainm a th'ort
73
wear
on --> air + name/prep. pron. 'air'
74
I wear a dress
Tha dreasa orm
75
BE thirsty
Tha am pathadh air + name/prep. pron. 'air'
76
I am thirsty
Tha am pathadh orm
77
naming
'S e (name) a th' (prep. pron. 'air')
78
My name is Sophie
'S e Sophie a th'orm
79
What color is it?
Dè an dath a th'air?
80
BE hungry
Tha an t-acras air + name/prep. pron. 'air'
81
I am hungry
Tha an t-acras orm
82
BE sleepy
Tha an cadal air + name/prep. pron. 'air'
83
I am sleepy
Tha an cadal orm
84
BE drunk
Tha an deoch air + name/prep. pron 'air'
85
I am drunk
Tha an deoch orm
86
What is wrong with ...?
Dè tha ceàrr air + name/prep. pron. 'air'
87
What is wrong with you?
Dè tha ceàrr ort?
88
...love....
Tha gaol aig + name/prep. pron. 'aig' air + name/prep. pron. 'air'
89
I love you
Tha gaol agam ort
90
only have
Chan eil aig + name/prep. pron. 'aig' ach ...
91
I only have a small car
Chan eil agam ach càr beag
92
work as
It is the job that is in ... -->
| 'S e (job) a th' ann + name/prep. pron. 'ann'
93
I work as a nurse
'S e nurs a th'annam
94
It is NOUN/NOUN+ADJECTIVE --> premanent
'S e (noun) a th'ann + name/prep. pron. 'ann'
95
It is coffee
'S e cofaidh a tha'ann
96
It is ANYTHING ELSE --> changing
Tha (pers. pron.) (WORD)
97
It is cold
Tha e fuar
98
describing
Use THA
99
James is well
Tha Seumas gu math
100
defining
| saying that one person/thing is another person/thing
Use 'S e
101
'S e construction with definite nouns (nouns with definite articles, names and place names, nouns with possessive pronouns)
'S e (name/emphatic pers. pron.) (DEF. NOUN.)
102
I am the teacher
'S e mise an tidsear
103
'S e construction with indefinte nouns
'S e (INDEF. NOUN) a th'ann + an/am (DEF. NOUN)/ a th'prep. pron. 'ann'
104
Barra is not a big island
Chan e eilean mòr a th'ann am Barraigh
105
'S e forms
+ !: 'S e
+ ?: An e
- !: Chan e
- ?: Nach e
106
Prepositional case/dative case
if there is a prepositon in front of noun with a definite article, it changes to a female article --> causes lenition if possible
107
Dative: Preposition + article + male noun
prepostion + article + female noun (+ lenition if possible)
108
dative: am BMP
prep. a' Bh/Mh/Ph (lenition)
109
dative: am F
prep. an Fh (lenition)
110
dative: an-t (vowel)
prep. an Vowel
111
dative: an S
prep. an t-s
112
dative: an (lenitable) consonant
prep. a' (lenition)
113
dative: an (non-lenitable) consonant/hard s-pairs/dentals
prep. an (non-lenitable) consonant/hard s-pairs/dentals
114
imperatives
take on the same form as the root of the verb
115
time
analoge, never digital,
always 'past' until ?:30 always 'to' from ?:30
116
3 o'clock
trì uairean
117
12 o'clock
dà uair dheug
118
5.40
fichead mionaid gu còig
119
3.17
seachd mionaidean deug as dèidh trì
120
1.15
cairteal as dèidh aon
121
9.30
leth uair as dèidh
122
Forms of WAS
+ !: bha
+ ?: an robh?
- !: cha robh
- ?: nach robh?
123
Forms of BE
+ !: tha
+ ?: a bheil?
- !: chan eil
- ?: nach eil?
124
Forms of WILL
+ !: bidh
+ ?: am bi?
- !: cha bhi
- ?: nach
125
like
'S toil le + name/prep. pron. 'le' (OBJECT)
126
John likes coffee
'S toil le Iain cofaidh
127
Forms of LIKE
+ !: 'S toil
+ ?: an toil?
- !: cha toil
- ?: nach toil
128
want
Tha (pers. pron.) ag iarraidh
129
I want coffee
Tha mi ag iarraidh cofaidh
| --> more acceptable in Gaelic than in English
130
would like
bu toil le + name/prep. pron. 'le'
131
I would like coffee
Bu toil leam
132
Forms of WOULD LIKE
+ !: bu toil
+ ?: am bu toil?
- !: cha bu toil
- ?: nach bu toil?
133
verbal nouns
correspond to particples in other languages,
| most often formed by adding a suffix
134
present tense
usually formed by using the verbal noun with THA:
tha (pers. pron./name) ag (before vowels)/a' (VERBAL NOUN)
--> in the present tense this construction covers both the simple present and the present progressive
135
They watch/are watching
Tha iad a'coimhead
