grammar constructions Flashcards
what are the three types of time expression?
- THLACC (time how long, accusative)
- TWABL (time when, ablatve)
- TWWABL (time within which, ablative)
how do you translate THLACC time expressions?
for
how do you translate TWABL time expressions?
on or at
do TWABL time expressions use ordinal or cardinal numbers?
ordinal (eg. first, second, third, etc)
how do you translate TWWABL time expressions?
within
do TWWABL time expressions use ordinal or cardinal numbers?
cardinal (whole numbers eg one, two, three)
what are the two ways of comparing nouns?
comparative + quam + noun in the same case as noun being compared
or
comparative + ablative
what is the ending of a comparative adjective and what pattern does it follow?
-ior, follows the pattern of a 3rd declension adjective
what do direct commands use?
imperatives (formed by removing the -re from the present active infinitive)
what do prohibitions use?
noli/nolite + present active infinitive
what are the four types of participle?
PrAP (present active
FAP (future active)
PAP (perfect active)
PPP (perfect passive)
how do you identify a PrAP?
ns or nt
how do you identify a future active participle?
-urus, -ura, urum
how do you identify a perfect active participle?
-us, -a, -um (3rd principle part of deponent verbs without sum)
how do you identify a PPP?
-us, -a, um (fourth principle part of regular verbs
what does an ablative absolute use?
ablative noun + participle
how do you translate an ablative absolute with a PPP?
- literally: with (the noun) having been (verb)ed
- more commonly: when/after/because (the noun) had been (verb)ed
how do you translate an ablative absolute with a PAP?
- literally: with (the noun) having (verb)ed
- more commonly: while/when/after/because (the noun) was (verb)ing
how do you translate an ablative absolute with a PrAP?
- literally: with (the noun) (verb)ing
- more commonly: while/when/because (the noun) was (verb)ing
how do you translate an ablative absolute with a FAP?
- literally: with (the noun) about to (verb)
- more commonly: when/because (the noun) was about to (verb)
what is an if clause?
si + active indicative
what is a conditional split into?
the if clause and the result
how do you translate if clauses with a future tense verb?
turn it into present - doesn’t make sense in english with a future tense
what are the two constructions of a purpose clause?
- ad + gerundive
- ut/ne + subjunctive
