Grammar Flashcards
에
Particle meaning to/at/in
location where something exists, a time something takes place or direction in which an action goes towards
Location:
I’m at home 집에 있어요
Direction:
I’m going to the park 공원에 가요
Time:
I met my friend at 7. 7실에 친구는 만았어요
를/을
Object marker
이 / 가
Noun + 이/가
Subject marker for a specific situation or to point out the difference to normal
vs 은/는 which is more general
Eg
비가 와요 it’s raining (now)
비는 와요 it rains (generally)
밥이 딱딱해요 the rice is hard (this rice)
밥은 딱딱해요 rice is hard (generally)
지금
이제
Right now
From now
Before the verb
Eg I want to go (right) now
저는지금가고싶습니다
I right now go want
Asking questions.
Eg do you like kimchi?
Do you eat kimchi?
Verb stem + ㅂ 니까 (vowel)
Verb stem + 습니까 (consonant)
김치를 좋아합니까?
김치를 먹습니까?
무엇
What
If used with a verb it is an object, therefore followed by object marker 을
And
와 after vowel
과 after consonant
How about… / what about…?
Noun + 은요 after consonant
Noun + 는요 after vowel
To come/go to do something
Eg to go to eat
To go to bed
To come to see a movie
Verb stem + (으)러
Eg 먹으러가요
자러가요
영화를 보러와요
Then
Eg
I will Eat then go
I Slept then studied Korean
‘고’
ie x then y (not always connected items/actions)
Eg
I will eat then go
밥을 먹고 갈 거에요
I slept then studied Korean
자고 한국어를 공부했어요
ㅡㄹ래요
Verb + ㄹ 래요
Used to express the speaker asking listeners intention
무슨
무슨 + noun
Used to ask what kind something is
-지요
Added to a verb/adjective/noun to ask something that the speaker may already know but wants to confirm
먹었지요? Have you eaten?
하지요? Are you doing it?
요리하지요? Are you cooking?
location where something is happening
Eg
take a photos in the park
에서
고원에서 사진을 찍어요
Plural
Noun + 들
Edit an adjective to describe a noun
Big boat
Expensive food
Cheap thing
A lot of money
ㄴ/은
Big boat
큰배
Expensive food
비싼음식
Cheap thing
싼것
A lot of money
많은돈
Subject marker for general descriptions
[Noun] is [verb]
Rice is hard
Mountain is tall
The weather is good
는/은
Noun + 은/는
Eg
The rice is hard
밥은 딱딱해요
The mountain is tall
산은 높아요
The weather is good
날씨는 좋아요
‘Then’ when the two actions are connected.
I will Go to school then study
I Came home then slept
어서/아서
Often with 가/오다
Eg
Go to school then study
학교에 가서 공부할거에요
Came home then slept
집에 와서 잤어요
To get/become [adjective/state]
Combo for: getting/becoming [adjective/state]
To get cold -> I’m getting cold
To become happy -> I’m becoming happy
아/어 지다 (+ 고있어요)
Eg
To get cold
추워지다
I’m getting cold
추워지 고있어요
To become happy
행복해지다
I’m becoming happy
행복해지 고있어요
Superlatives (most/least/-est)
I run the fastest
Sumin is the prettiest
Maths is the hardest
가장 or 제일
가장/제일 + adjective/adverb
Eg
I run the fastest
가장 빨리 달려
Sumin is the prettiest/most pretty
수민씨는 가장 아름다워요
Maths is the hardest
수학은 제일 힘들어요
Comparatives (more/-ier/less)
Today is hotter than yesterday
I ate more than my brother
I have more money than my father
보다
Thing + 보다
Today is hotter (than yesterday)
어제보다 더워요
I ate more than my brother
남동생보다 밥을 먹었어요
I have more money than my father
저는 저의 아버지보다 돈이 않아요
고
‘Then’ / ‘and’
Simple connector for things not in sequence
x happens 고 y happens
운동 하고 먹어요
I will exercise and/then eat
은/는 / 이가
Subject markers
은/는 has 2 meanings
1) narrow down to single option/case (eg 저는)
2) subject marker
이/가
Subject marker and paired with
1) active verb
2) 있다/없어
Verb 1 or verb 2
Eg
거나
Noun 1 or noun 2
Eg metro or bus?
Noun + 이나/나 + noun 2
지하철 이나 버스
If (or when)
Eg if/when you get to school, let me know
When I arrive home, I will do laundry
Verb + ㄴ/는 다면
학교에 간다면 알려주세요
집에 도착한다면 빨래를 할거에요
Linking items in a list
Eg apple and orange
1) 하고 - 사과 하고 오렌지
2) 와/과 (vowel / consonant) - 사과 와 오렌지
3) 이랑/랑 (consonant / vowel) 사과 랑 오렌지
Intention to do a verb
Eg
I will do
I will eat
겠
하겠어요
먹겠어요
To or from a third person
Eg (speaking to a third party):
Give to sumin
someone is calling sumin
한테 / 에게
Recipient of action + 한테
Eg
수민씨 한테 주세요
수민시 한테 전화가 왔어요
Am/is/are
(Eg I am, he is, we are)
(x) 입니다
(x) 있어요
Want (something)
Don’t want (something)
Noun 을/를 원해요
Noun 을/를 원하지 않아요
Possessive particle
Eg my bag
의 (pronounced 에)
저의 가방
Want (to do an action)
Eg I want to eat fruit
Verb stem + 고 싶어요
Verb stem + 고 싶지 않아요
과일을 먹고 싶어요
Also/even/too
Eg
I also like kimchi
I like kimchi too
도
저도 김치를 촣아해요
저는 김치도 촣아해요
Only
Eg
Only I want tuna
I only want tuna
만
저만 참치 원해요
저는 참치만 원해요
