Grammar

Question 1

Define Grammar

Answer 1

A system of rules for the use of language or as a study of what is preferred, what’s to be avoided in effective speech and writing. It is descriptive statement of the way the language works.

Question 2

T/F Grammar has everything to do with correctness. It describes but does not prescribe.

Answer 2

False. Grammar has NOTHING to do with correctness. It describes but does not prescribe.

Question 3

Define noun

Answer 3

name of a person, place, animal, thing, persons, objects or idea, substance, qualities, actions and measures of time or quantity. Ex. girl, mansion, municipality, religion, honor

Question 4

Define Proper Nouns

Answer 4

Refer to particular places, persons, objects, ideas, etc. Ex. Adrianne, Malacañang Palace, UP

Question 5

Define Abstract nouns

Answer 5

describes ideas or general concepts. Ex. justice, transportation

Question 6

Define Concrete Nouns

Answer 6

describe tangible items. Ex. courtroom, bicycle

Question 7

Define Pronoun

Answer 7

substitute for noun. This is used to avoid repetition of nouns in a sentence. Ex. his, he, him

Question 8

Define Verb

Answer 8

expresses action or state of being; indicates time of action or being; only part of speech that can make a statement about the subject. Ex. waive, need, enjoy

Question 9

Define active verb

Answer 9

term for the grammatical structure indicating that the subject of the sentence performs or causes the action expressed by the verb.

Question 10

Define passive verb

Answer 10

can create a sentence that is less precise, which makes the reader wonder who decided.

Question 11

Define Auxiliary verb

Answer 11

added to the basic verb to change verb tenses and to add specific shades of meaning.

Question 12

Rules on should

Answer 12

implies that some action was preferable but was not in fact taken.

Question 13

Rules on could

Answer 13

implies the capacity to do something but suggests that the action will not or has not been done.

Question 14

Rules on would

Answer 14

implies that an action would have been taken had conditions been different.

Question 15

Rules on can

Answer 15

implies capacity to do something although action has not yet been taken.

Question 16

Rules on might

Answer 16

implies possibility

Question 17

General rules on may

Answer 17

implies permission to do something; possibility of something happening

Question 18

Rules on may in the case of US vs. Sanchez

Answer 18

It is not mandatory but discretionary

Question 19

Rules on may in the case of In re: Guarina, 24 Phil. 41

Answer 19

“May” should be read as “shall”, where such construction is necessary to give effect to the apparent intention of the legislator.

Question 20

Rules on may in the case of Gonzales vs. La Previsora Filipina

Answer 20

“May” ordinarily indicates potestative condition, but should be read as “shall” when the apparent intentiion of the parties demands such construction.

Question 21

Rules on may in the case of Luna v. Abaya, Capati v Ocampo, Gold Loop Properties, Inc v CA

Answer 21

“May” is usually permissive not mandatory.

Question 22

Rules on may in the case of Federation of Free Workers v Inciong

Answer 22

“may” in a statute is to be construes as mandatory and imposing a duty or merely permissive and conferring discretion. But, whether the legislator’s intention as a whole is to enact a law, mandatory in character, it should be given ordinary permissive effect.

Question 23

Rules on “must”

Answer 23

implies a requirement to do something or refrain from doing something.

Question 24

Rules on Must in the case of Diokno v Rehabilitation Finance Corporation

Answer 24

“must” in a statute is not always imperative but may be consistent with an exercise of discretion.

Question 25

Rules on Must in the case of Loyola Grand Villas Homeowners Association v CA

Answer 25

“must” connotes imperative act or operates to impose a duty which may be enforced. Synonymous with “ought” which connotes compulsion or mandatoriness. Like “shall” is not always imperative and may be consistent with exercise of discretion.

Question 26

Rules on “shall”

Answer 26

imply a requirement.

Question 27

T/F to avoid ambiguity, use “shall” for requirement and “will” for future tenses

Answer 27

False. to avoid ambiguity, use “Must” for requirement and “will” for future tenses

Question 28

Rules on “shall” in the case of Lacson v Lacson

Answer 28

“shall” must be given compulsory meaning, generally imperative or mandatory.

Question 29

Rules on “shall” in the case of Loyola Grand Villas Homeowners Association v CA

Answer 29

“shall” in Art 213 of Family Code and Rule 99 of Revised Rule of Court connotes mandatory character.

Question 30

Rules on “shall” in the case of Codoy v. Calugay

Answer 30

“shall” denotes imperative obligation; when used in a statute is mandatory

Question 31

Rules on “shall” in the case of Montecer vs. CA

Answer 31

“shall” does not always denote an imperative duty.

Question 32

Rule on “do”

Answer 32

adds emphasis; indicates positive answer when a negative one is expected.

Question 33

Rules on “Do Not”

Answer 33

denies an action

Question 34

Define Adjectives

Answer 34

Modify and descrive nouns or pronouns and specify color, number or in some other way making meaning more nearly exact.

Question 35

T/F We must capitalize an adjective derived from proper names when frequently used for a long time in general language.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Define Adverbs

Answer 36

words that describe or expand the meaning of verbs, adjectives and other adverbs

Question 37

Define Preposition

Answer 37

word that is placed before noun or pronoun; show how a noun or pronoun is related to another word in a sentence

Question 38

Rules on Preposition

Answer 38

1. Avoid using many prepositions in a row.
2. Avoid using prepositional phrase when shorter grammatical phrase could do.
3. Use the objective case of a pronoun.

Question 39

Define Conjunctions

Answer 39

join words, phrases or clauses.

Question 40

Define interjection

Answer 40

comes from latin “throw between”; independently expresses feeling or strong emotions

Question 41

T/F Justice Cruz that Proficiency in language is not only desirable or necessary but in fact indispensable.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What are the parts of a sentence and elaborate each.

Answer 42

1. subject: group of words or phrase on which the statement is about.
2. predicate: tells what the subject is doing or what’s happening to the subject.

Question 43

Define Phrase

Answer 43

a group of words closely related but doesn’t contain subject or predicate.

Question 44

Define restrictive phrase

Answer 44

essential to the meaning of the sentence.

Question 45

Define non-restrictive phrase

Answer 45

parenthetical comment usually offset by a comma.

Question 46

Define Clause

Answer 46

a group of words which has a subject and predicate.