Grammar Flashcards
Scentence order
Subject object verb
S O V
Verb always refers to Subjects action so must agree
I gave my wife flowers
S V O
My wife gives me flowers
S V O
Watashi wa Oksan ni Hana o agemashita
わたしわおkさんいはなあげました
Oksan wa watashi ni hana o agemasu
おkさんわわたしにはなおあげます
Want
Does not want
欲しい ga hoshi
が欲しいくない ga hoshikunai
Subject wants a Noun
I want a big house
Subject wa Noun ga hoshi desu
Watashi wa ooki uchi ga hoshi desu
Do you want a noun?
Noun ga hoshi desu ka?
What type of noun do you want
Donna noun ga hoshi desu ka?
Do you want something?
Nani ga hoshi desu ka?
Subject wants to Verb something (Object)
Subject does not want to Verb something (Object)
Subject wa (object) Verb-tai desu
Subject wa (object) Verb-takunai desu
I want to buy a camera
Kamera o kaitai desu
what where who when how much ...do you want to do.....
nani o doko ni dare to itsu ni ikutsu ...shitai desu ka
Can I … please
May I … please
Verb TE + mo ii desu ka ?
You’re not allowed to ….. (it’s the rule)
Verb TE + wa ikimasen
Please don’t..
Verb NAI + de kudasai
VERB…ing
watching films
painting pictures
taking photos
Dictionary form + KOTO desu
eiga o miru koto desu
ei o kaku koto desu
shashin o toru koto desu
Before doing (verb) something..
Before having breakfast, I showered
verb dictionary + Mae ni …
Asagohan o taberu mae ni shower o abimashita
If…Condition 1 , then Condition 1
Verb
Adj
Noun
Condition 1 (Past tense) + RA + Condition 2
Action 1 (Past tense) + RA + Condition 2
[_TA + RA / _nakatta + RA]
Adjective Past tense) + RA + Condition 2
[i => katta / na => deshita]
Noun (Past tense) + RA + Condition 2
[deshita / datta / arimasen deshita / dewa nakatta]
If it was cheap, I’d buy it
Yasukattara, kau
If I was not so busy, I’d go
Isogashikunakattara, iku
If I did not understand, I’d ask
Wakaranakattara, kiku
If I don’t practise, I won’t get better
Renshu o shinakattara, josu ni naranai
I think..
verb
i adj
na adj
noun
Dictionary + to omou / + to omoimasu (tomo) Verb: Dictionary + to omoimasu I: adj + to omoimasu Na: adj da + to omoimasu Noun: da + to omoimasu
To think not
_masen + to omou / omoimasu
_nai + to omou / omoimasu
_nakatta + to omou / omoimasu
I think the same
Watashi mo sou omoimasu
Watashi mo sou omou
I don’t think so (I don’t agree)
Watashi wa sou omoimasen
Watashi wa sou omowanai
How do you think about that
Dou omoimasu ka?
Dou omou ka?
for..
for me..
for the teacher
+ ni totte
watashi ni totte
sensei ni totte
said…
I said whatever to someone
.. + to iimashita
Watashi wa (someone) ni (whatever) to iimashita
What did Lisa say to me?
Lisa san watashi ni nan to iimashita ka?
What do you think about (topic)
Topic + nitsuite dou omiomasu ka?
Verb + too much
I ate too much
I read too much
mas form + sugita / sugimashita
tabe sugita
yomi sugimashita
Verb so much that ….
I walked so much I got tired
mas form + sugite ….
Aruki sugite tuskareta
To describe something / place / person
The person eating
The thing for cutting
The place for studying
plain form + mono / tokero / hito
taberu hito desu
kiru mono desu
benkyuo suru tokero desu
When something When doing (verb) When reading When it is adjective (i + na) When i am free.. When it is a noun When I'm in a meeting When I was 38years old
Plain form + TOKI verb (plain) + toki .... yomu toki i / na + toki hima na toki.... noun + no toki Kaigi no toki... 38 sei no toki...
When you do this…
When you press the button, the door opens
Plain + と
button o sawaru to, door o akiru koto ga dekimasu
If (there is / someting))
If you are motivated…
noun + areba
Yaruki ga areba….
If you have time
Jikan ga attara
Even if
verb
noun
ii
na
_TE + Mo
_te mo
de mo
kute mo
de mo
Even if it raining..
Ame demo…
