Grammar

Question 1

Nouns

Answer 1

Names, labels, people or concepts

Answer the question WHAT?

Question 2

Proper nouns

Answer 2

Begin with a capital letter
Refer to specific people, places, occasions, time

E.g. London, Friday

Question 3

Concrete nouns

Answer 3

Refer to physical things like people, objects, places

E.g. table, photograph

Question 4

Abstract noun

Answer 4

Refer to things that don’t physically exist like ideas, concepts, feelings, time frames.
They cannot be touched or seen.

E.g. arrogance, year

Question 5

Collective noun

Answer 5

Refer to groups of people, animals or objects

E.g. team, class, herd

Question 6

Adjectives

Answer 6

Describe nouns

Question 7

Qualitative adjective

Answer 7

describing a noun with facts, things that are certain

E.g. green, pregnant

Question 8

Evaluative adjectives

Answer 8

Describing a noun through judgements and opinions

E.g. nice, horrible

Question 9

Comparative adjectives

Answer 9

comparing nouns
(-er, more, less)

E.g. bigger, more dedicated

Question 10

Superlative adjectives

Answer 10

Indicating the most of least of something
(-est, most, least)

E.g. most intelligent, smallest

Question 11

Premodifier

Answer 11

Words that are used before a noun to provide more information about the it
adjectives, determiners, pronouns

E.g. shopping centre

Question 12

Verbs

Answer 12

Convey an action the subject is doing or the state the subject is in.

Question 13

Infinitives

Answer 13

to + verb

E.g. to run, to be

Question 14

Present participle

Answer 14

-ing ending
Has no auxiliary verb

E.g. eating, staying

Question 15

Past participle

Answer 15

-ed ending (except irregulars)
Has no auxiliary verb but used after had/has/have

E.g. shown, danced

Question 16

Modal auxiliary verbs

Answer 16

Followed by a main verb
Cover a range of possibilities

E.g. can/could, shall/should, will/would, may/might, ought to/must

Question 17

Auxiliary verb

Answer 17

Help verbs form tenses

E.g. to be, to have, to do

Question 18

Simple present tense

Answer 18

Express actions that normally happen, what currently is
1 verb, no auxiliary verb
-s added to 3rd person (he/she/it)

E.g. play/plays, help/helps

Question 19

Simple past tense

Answer 19

Express actions that happened in the past
1 verb, no auxiliary verb
-ed for regular verbs

E.g. played, helped

Question 20

Future tense

Answer 20

Used to talk about events that will happen
2 verbs
will/shall + base form of main verb

E.g. will revise, shall eat

Question 21

Present perfect tense

Answer 21

Recent past - things that have just finished
2 verbs
have/has + past participle

E.g. have danced, has finished

Question 22

Past perfect tense

Answer 22

Distant past - actions which happened before another past action occurred
2 verbs
had + past participle

E.g. had created, had asked

Question 23

Present continuous

Answer 23

Actions that are ongoing now
2 verbs
is/am/are + present participle

E.g. am talking, is typing

Question 24

Past continuous

Answer 24

Actions that happened in the past but lasted a while
2 verbs
was/were + present participle

E.g. was writing, were designing

Question 25

Adverbs

Answer 25

describe verbs

answer the questions how? when? where?

Question 26

Adverb of time

Answer 26

answer when?

E.g. now, soon, yesterday

Question 27

Adverb of manner

Answer 27

answer how?

E.g. quickly, calmly

Question 28

Adverb of place

Answer 28

answer where?

E.g. here, there, anywhere

Question 29

Adverb of frequency

Answer 29

answer how often?

E.g. frequently, rarely

Question 30

Prepositions

Answer 30

relate one thing to another in terms of place

E.g. in, on, at, by, while, with, from, under, beside

Question 31

Pronouns

Answer 31

Replace nouns

Question 32

1st person pronouns

Answer 32

Includes the speaker

E.g. I, me, we

Question 33

2nd person pronouns

Answer 33

refers to the other person in the conversation

you

Question 34

3rd person pronouns

Answer 34

those being talked about
not part of the conversation

E.g. he, she, they

Question 35

Subject pronouns

Answer 35

can be used at the beginning of the sentence
the one doing the verb

E.g. I, you, he, she, they

Question 36

Object pronouns

Answer 36

the one being affected by the verb

E.g. them, me, us

Question 37

Possessive pronouns

Answer 37

indicate possession

E.g. my, your, his their

Question 38

Reflexive pronouns

Answer 38

end in -self or -selves

e.g. myself, himself, herself, themselves

Question 39

Noun phrase

Answer 39

premodifier + noun
has no verb

E.g. the baby, every college

Question 40

Adjective phrase

Answer 40

Intensifier (very, really etc) + adjective

E.g. extremely nice, very talented

Question 41

Verb phrase

Answer 41

A group of verbs together
auxiliary verbs + main verbs

E.g. am drinking, are seeing

Question 42

Prepositional phrase

Answer 42

starts with a preposition
has a noun/noun phrase

E.g. in the morning

Question 43

Adverbial of place

Answer 43

A prepositional phrase which answers where?

E.g. in a cupboard

Question 44

Adverbial of time

Answer 44

A prepositional phrase which answers when?

E.g. in the afternoon

Question 45

Adverbial of manner

Answer 45

A prepositional phrase which answers how?

E.g. with a smile

Question 46

Clauses

Answer 46

Must have a verb in it

infinitives and participles do not count as a verb

Question 47

Main clauses

Answer 47

Has 1 verb
Can stand on its own and make sense

E.g. the snow is falling

Question 48

Coordinating clause

Answer 48

Starts with a coordinating conjunction (and/but/or)
has 1 verb

E.g. and he ran away

Question 49

Subordinate clause

Answer 49

Has 1 verb
starts with a subordinating conjunction
(because, that, if etc)
there are 3 types - relative, adverbial, noun

Question 50

Relative subordinate clause

Answer 50

Gives more information about a noun
starts with which, that, who
Can replace

has a verb

E.g. who helped me

Question 51

Adverbial subordinate clause

Answer 51

Answers the question when? where? how? why?
has a verb

E.g. although it was raining

Question 52

Noun subordinate clause

Answer 52

Answers the question what?
has a verb
starts with what, that (can’t be replaced by who/which)

E.g. that he is right (the ‘that’ can be hidden)

Question 53

Verbs that don’t count in sentences

Answer 53

Present participles without an auxiliary in-front of it , infinitives

Question 54

Simple sentence

Answer 54

One clause - one verb

E.g. the weather is nice

Question 55

Compound sentence

Answer 55

2 or more clauses - 2+ verbs
Only have coordinating clauses

E.g. the weather is nice and it is hot

Question 56

Complex sentence

Answer 56

2 clauses - 2+ verbs
At least one subordinate clause

E.g. the weather would be nice if it was sunny

Question 57

Complex-compound sentence

Answer 57

Minimum of 3 clauses - 3+ verbs
Has a subordinate clause
Has a coordinating clause
The subordinate clause comes before the coordinating clause

E.g. the weather was nice because it was hot and it was sunny.

Question 58

Compound-complex sentence

Answer 58

Minimum of 3 clauses - 3+ verbs
Coordinating clause
Subordinate clause
The coordinating clause comes before the subordinate clause

E.g. the weather was hot and it was sunny because there was no clouds.

Question 59

Minor sentence

Answer 59

When a subject or verb is missing so a word or phrase is used as a whole sentence

Question 60

Sentence functions

Answer 60

Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamative

Question 61

Declarative sentences

Answer 61

Convey information or state a fact

E.g. I have homework to do

Question 62

Interrogative sentences

Answer 62

Used in questions

E.g. where is my homework?

Question 63

Imperative sentences

Answer 63

Give commands or orders

E.g. give me my homework

Question 64

Exclamative sentences

Answer 64

Make exclamations

E.g. what a shit piece of homework!