Grammar

Question 1

When do you use a definite articles? (7)

Answer 1

1. Before abstract nouns or nouns used to generalise
2. Before names of continents, countries, regions and languages
3. Before arts, sciences, school subjects, sports, illnesses.
4. Before parts of the body
5. Before meals and drinks
6. Before fractions
7. Before titles

Question 2

When do you not use indefinite articles? (a, an, some, any)

Answer 2

1. When stating a person’s occupation
2. After quel, comme, en, en tant que, sans, ni.
3. In a list

Question 3

What are the partitive articles?

Answer 3

du, de la, de l’, des- meaning “some” “any”

Question 4

When do you use de specifically?

Answer 4

1. After a negative verb
2. In expressions of quantity, e.g. assez de ou trop de
3. With plural nouns preceded by an adjective:
   e.g. On fait des efforts/ On fait de gros efforts pour… (We’re making great efforts to)
4. In expressions such as:
   bordé de , couvert de, être entouré de (be surrounded by), plein de, rempli de

Question 5

What are the direct object pronouns?

Answer 5

me 
te
le
la
nous
vous
les

Question 6

What are the indirect object pronouns?

Answer 6

(to) me
(to) te
(to) lui
(to) nous
(to) vous
(to) leur

Question 7

Object pronouns precede…

Answer 7

verbs in other tenses

Question 8

What are the disjunctive pronouns?

Answer 8

moi
toi
lui
elle
soi - one, oneself
nous
vous
eux
elles

Question 9

When do you use qui?

Answer 9

It represents something or someone that is the subject of the verb

Question 10

When do you use que?

Answer 10

Que represents something or someone that is the object of the verb that follows (followed by a pronoun usually)

Question 11

After a preposition qui…

Answer 11

is used for “who” or “whom”- avec qui par exemple.

Question 12

When to use ce qui?

Answer 12

Ce qui is used for the subject of the verb:

Ce qui est essentiel

Question 13

When to use ce que?

Answer 13

Ce que is used for the object of a verb:

ce que je prefere

Question 14

When to use quoi?

Answer 14

Quoi is used for “what” after prepositions such as “de”:

Je ne sais pas de quoi tu parles

Question 15

When to use dont?

Answer 15

Dont means “whose” or “of which”. It replaces de +qui or de + lequel and can refer to people or things

Question 16

When to use y?

Answer 16

1. Meaning there or to there, replacing a place already mentioned
2. Replacing a noun (not a person) or a verb introduced by a, such as penser a quelque chose

Question 17

When to use en?

Answer 17

1. Meaning “from there” or “out of there”

2. Replacing a noun ( not a person) or a verb introduced by de, such as empecher quelqu’un de faire

Question 18

What is the order of pronouns?

Answer 18

me
te          le      lui
se         la      leur       y       en
nous    les
vous

Question 19

What are demonstrative adjectives and when do you use them?

Answer 19

The equivalent of “this” “that “those “these” and used before a noun
Singular Plural
masc. ce ces
fem. cette ces masc. sing. is cet
before vowel or silent h

Question 20

What are the demonstrative pronouns and when do you use them?

Answer 20

Replace the noun and so are the equivalent of “this one” “that one” “these ones” “those ones”
Singular Plural
Masc. celui ceux
Fem. celle celles

Question 21

What are the possessive adjectives?

Answer 21

masc. : mon, ton, son, notre, votre, leur
fem: ma, ta, sa, notre, votre, leur
masc. & fem. plural: mes, tes, ses, nos, vos, leurs

Question 22

What are the possessive pronouns?

Answer 22

masc.sing. fem. sing. masc.p fem.p
mine le mien la mienne les miens les miennes
yours le tien la tienne les tiens les tiennes
his le sien la sienne les siens les siennes
ours le notre la notre les notres les notres
yours le votre la votre les votres les votres
theirs le leur la leur les leurs les leurs

Question 23

How do you express possession with etre?

Answer 23

a (avec accent) + name, a + disjunctive pronoun, or a + qui.

Question 24

Which verbs take etre in the perfect tense? (16)

Answer 24

aller              venir
arriver          partir
entrer          sortir
monter        descendre
naitre           mourir
retourner     rentrer
rester           tomber
devenir        revenir

Question 25

What is the preceding direct object rule?

Answer 25

In the perfect tense, the past participle must agree with the direct object that precedes the verb.

Question 26

When do you use the imperfect tense?

Answer 26

• a general description in the past
• a continuous or interrupted action in the past
• a repeated or habitual action in the past

Question 27

How do you form the imperfect tense?

Answer 27

The stem is the nous form of the present tense minus -ons, and add the following endings:
-ais
-ais
-ait
ions
-iez
-aient

Question 28

What are the irregular imperfect stems?

Answer 28

etre - et

Question 29

What are the five other uses of the imperfect?

Answer 29

1. etre en train de + infinitive + I was just (in the middle of)
2. with depuis, meaning had been doing
3. imperfect of venir de + infinitive to say “had just done”
4. After si when the main verb is in the conditional
5. After si when making a suggestion

Question 30

What is the immediate future?

Answer 30

To talk about the near future and to say something “is going to happen”.
It is made up of two parts; the present tense of aller and an infinitive.

Question 31

How do you form the future?

Answer 31

Say something "will" happen, including in si sentences after the future tense. 
The stem is the same as the infinitive, except for -re verbs when you remove the final e first.
-ai
-as
-a
-ons
-ez
-ont

Question 32

What are the irregular stems in the future?

Answer 32

aller= ir-
avoir= aur-
devoir= devr-
envoyer= enverr-
etre= ser-
faire= fer-
pouvoir= pourr-
savoir= saur-
venir= viendr-
voir= verr-
vouloir= voudr-
falloir= faudr-

Question 33

When do you use the conditional and the modal verbs in the conditional?

Answer 33

Use the conditional to convey would, could, or should.
Modal Verbs:
Devoir in the conditional + infinitive: should / ought to
Pouvoir + infinitive: Could / might
Vouloir + infintive: would like to
Il faudrait + infinitive: It would be necessary to, would have to
Il vaudrait + infinitive: It would be worth, it would be better to

Question 34

When do you use the subjunctive mood?

Answer 34

1. After specific conjunctions
2. After impersonal verbs like il faut que or il est important que
3. When expressing doubt, uncertainty, wish, regret, or fear.
4. It is used after words with a sense of the superlative, followed by qui or que:
   le seul, l’unique, le premier, le dernier, le meilleur

Question 35

How do you form the present subjunctive?

Answer 35

Stem: Ils form of the present tense minus -ent
endings: e, es, e, ions, iez, ent

Question 36

What are the irregulars of the subjunctive?

Answer 36

aller- aille
avoir- aie
etre- sois
faire- fasse
falloir- il faille
pouvoir- puisse
savoir- sache
vouloir- veuille