Grammar 🤓 Flashcards

1
Q

次第 : しだい

A

As soon as

Take verb’s ます stem, add 次第
Ex: 見つけ次第—as soon as I find
分かり次第—as soon as I know

詳しい事が分かり次第お知らせいたします。
We’ll let you know as soon as we understand the details.

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2
Q

~ように

A

So that…

Verb, dictionary formように
Verb, ない formように

皆んなが分かるように、説明してください。
けがをしないように、気をつけてください。

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3
Q

Passive

A

Godan: change to negative, drop the ない and add れる
Ex: 話される、聞かれる、立たれる

Ichidan: replace る with られる
Ex: 食べられる

する→させる
来る→こられる

虫は鳥に食べられる。にis used by doer
大雨警報が発表されました。が is used for unexpected things

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4
Q

Gratitude

With いただく

A

Vて+いただき+ありがとうございます

来ていただきありがどうございます
Thank you so much for coming.

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5
Q

~ないですむ
~ずにすむ

*From 済む

A

Don’t have to

Negative from+で+済む
Negative form without ない+ず+に+済む

Don’t have to talk: Don’t have to eat:
話さないで済む 食べないで済む
話さずに済む 食べずに済む

他の人と交代しないで済む
You don’t have to take turns with others

他の人のへたくそな曲を聴かずに済む
You don’t have to listen to other people’s horrible singing

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6
Q

~きり

A

Noun of 切る. Used with informal past+きり, expresses that since an action happened, nothing else has happened yet.

息子が、外に遊びに行ったきり、
帰ってこない。
Since my son went out to play,
he hasn’t come home yet

Also follows counters and nouns,
as in 二人きり、only 2 people

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7
Q

-によって

~により

A

Depending on on the situation, someone, or something
~により has the same meaning but is used in written Japanese

Noun+によって+something changes

重さによって値段が変わる。
The price changes depending on the weight.

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