Grammar Flashcards
Nominative Case
words in this case are always* the subject of the sentence
* sentences with ‘being verbs’ (i.e. a form of the verb ‘esse’) can contain two words in this this case. When this happens, the second word is referred to as the predicate noun
Accusative Case
words in this case are either the direct object of the sentence OR the object of certain prepositions (such as ‘ad’)
Dative Case
words in this case are always the indirect object of the sentence
Present Tense
This tense shows that the action is happening as the speaker is talking
Translation: “She _____s” OR “She is _____ing”
Formation: Present Stem + Personal Ending
Noun
person, place, thing, or idea
Verb
denotes an action or a state of being
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=US8mGU1MzYw
Adverb
Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb
Answers the questions: how? where? or when?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4dzuuPlHJg
Conjunction
connects two words or phrases
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPoBE-E8VOc
Subject
the noun in the sentence performing the action
the grammatial function of the nominative case
Direct Object
the noun in the sentence directly affected by the action
the grammatical function of the accusative case
Indirect Object
the noun affected by the direct object
(“She taught him a lesson”)
the grammatical function of the dative case
Ablative Case
words in this case act as the object of certain prepositions (such as ‘ex’ or ‘ab’)
Genitive Case
words in this case always show possession and modify another noun in the sentence, usually the noun closest to it
words in this case can be translated into English with an “ -‘s “ or with the preposition “of” preceding it
Preposition
this part of speech is always followed by a noun, and relates that noun to some other element in the sentence
(“She works at the school” - ‘at’ is the preposition which relates the noun ‘school’ to the verb in the sentence, telling us were she works)
Object of the Preposition
this is the grammatical function of nouns that follow a preposition
Latin nouns serving this grammatical function are always written in the ablative or accusative case
