Grammar

Question 1

conjunctions

Answer 1

words used to make connections and indicate relationship between events.
eg. and, because, when

Question 2

agreement (concord)

Answer 2

words that agree with each other, eg loves agrees with Linnea in Linnea loves her cat.
based on NUMBER (singular/plural) and PERSON (first, second person etc)
TENSE, ACTIVE/PASSVE voice (Linnea is loved by…)
GENDER: Linnea - her (natrual gender, male/female)

Question 3

grammatical gender

Answer 3

(not found in English) Based on th type of noun and not tied to sex. eg el and la in Spanish.

Question 4

the prescriptive approach

Answer 4

an approach to have a se of rules for proper English. Not looking at how people use the language but making rules of how it should be used. Often origin in Latin.
eg “you must not split an infinitive” and “You must not end a sentence with a preposition”

Question 5

the descriptive approach

Answer 5

an approach to describe the language and how it is used instead of the opposite. (not use Latin as a model)

Question 6

structural analysis

Answer 6

(one type of descriptive approach) Investigate the distribution of forms in a language. the______ makes a lot of noise (___=a noun) ______ makes a lot of noise (__=a noun phrase).

Question 7

Constituent analysis

Answer 7

(a descriptive approach wth the same approach as structural analysis)

• is designed to show how small constituents (or components) go together to form larger constituents.
• used to determine the types of forms that can be substituted for each other (I instead of the old woman etc)

Question 8

hierarchical organisation

Answer 8

the levels of each constituents in the sentence. S >NP> N, S>VP>V

Question 9

generative grammar

Question 10

proper nouns

Answer 10

names etc. Always begins with capital letter.

Question 11

surface structure

Answer 11

Charlie broke the window. The window was broken by Charlie.

-the different syntactic forms they have a individual sentences.

Question 12

deep structure

Answer 12

an underlying level. (NP-V-VP, same)

Question 13

structural ambiguity

Answer 13

When a sentence have multiple underlying interpretations that have to be represented differently in the deep structure.(can be understood in several ways)

Question 14

phrase structure rules

Answer 14

a tree diagram or similar can be used to make a rule that can form very large number of similar sentences. NP -> Art N (incomplete…)

Question 15

movement rule

Answer 15

Transforming a sentence to a question.

NP Aux VP => Aux NP VP