GRAMMAR

Question 1

prescriptivism

Answer 1

taking an approach to language study that focuses on rules and ideas of correctiveness

Question 2

descriptivism

Answer 2

taking an approach to language study that focuses on how language is actually used

Question 3

morphology

Answer 3

the study of how words are formed

Question 4

affixes

Answer 4

group of letters attach before and after the root word

Question 5

prefixes

Answer 5

group of letters placed before the root word

Question 6

suffixes

Answer 6

group of letters placed after the root word

Question 7

grammar

Answer 7

the whole system and structure of a language, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology and sometimes also phonology and semantics

Question 8

noun

Answer 8

name of objects feelings people or places

Question 9

verb

Answer 9

shows actions, events or states of being

Question 10

determiner

Answer 10

positioned infant of nouns to add detail or clarity

Question 11

noun phrase

Answer 11

a group of words centred around a noun that acts as the ‘head’ word of a phrase

Question 12

verb phrase

Answer 12

a group of words built around a head verb

Question 13

pre-modifier

Answer 13

a word that goes infant of the head noun to add detail or clarity

Question 14

post-modifier

Answer 14

a word that goes after the head noun to add detail or clarity

Question 15

qualifier

Answer 15

an additional word or phrase that adds some further detail to the noun

Question 16

primary auxiliary verbs

Answer 16

help out the main by expressing changes in tense (am, did, have eat)

Question 17

modal verbs

Answer 17

shows possibility, necessity, obligation and certainty

Question 18

clause

Answer 18

a group of words centred around a verb phrase

Question 19

co-ordinated clauses

Answer 19

joined by and, but or and are independent in that they make sense on their own

Question 20

subordinated clauses

Answer 20

these need a main clause and there can be any number of subordinating clauses, they don’t make sense on their own

Question 21

agency

Answer 21

who is responsible for carrying out an action

Question 22

active voice

Answer 22

agent in subject position for prominence (‘fox seriously injures baby’)

Question 23

passive voice

Answer 23

agent omitted or placed later in the clause using a prepositional phrase (‘baby is mauled by fox’)

Question 24

utterance

Answer 24

a spoken group of words roughly equal to a written sentence

Question 25

orthographic sentence

Answer 25

a sentence marked by a capital letter & full stop containing no verb