Grammar Flashcards
In a sentence, “watashi no sensei” where is the main noun?
the main noun is the last one (sensei)
The の particle connects what 2 things?
の is a particle used to connect two (or more) nouns: (additional noun) の (main noun)
The main noun is something that we are describing, and the additional noun gives extra information about the main noun. The main noun is always last.
ちゅうごくじんのともだち / chuugokujin no tomodachi (Chinese friend)
What particle do you use to describe people and things?
の connects nouns.
にほんのまんが / nihon no manga
(Japanese manga)📖
とうきょうのだいがくせい / toukyou no daigakusei
(university students in Tokyo)👩🏻🎓👨🏽🎓
What particle do you use to say “in”?
no の
おおさかのおこのみやき / oosaka no okonomiyaki
(savoury pancake in Osaka) 🥚
ほっかいどうのラーメン / hokkaidou no ra-men
(ramen in Hokkaido) 🍜
しずおかのおちゃ / shizuoka no ocha
(tea (produced) in Shizuoka) 🍵
We can use ___ to connect a place and a product from that place
の
We can use ___ to talk about the company we work for
の
わたしはToyotaのかいしゃいんです。/ watashi wa toyota no kaishain desu.
(I’m a Toyota employee.)
How does Hiragana and Katakana handle long sounds?
Hiragana: uses double vowels
Katakana: uses a dash –
Hiragana: おばあさん (obaasan) - Grandmother
Katakana: エーアイ (e-ai) - AI (Artificial Intelligence)
o-ei -> ooei
Sometimes words written in Katakana get shortened from their original form (foreign origin). What’s the shortened version of orchestra?
オケ (oke) - orchestra
How do you make long (doubled) consonants in Katakana? Is it the same as Hiragana? (2)
- Same as Hiragana
- Small “tsu”however use the Katakana tsu ツ and Hiragana tsu つ
タッチ
touch
taｃchi
Similar to hiragana, which katakana can be combined with dakuten and handakuten?
katakana ハ (ha), ヒ (hi), フ (fu), ヘ (he) and ホ (ho) can be combined with the two short diagonal lines (dakuten) and a small circle (handakuten).
Dakuten and handakuten changes the “h” sounds into what?
The short diagonal lines change the “h” sound into a “b” sound, while the small circle changes a “h” sound into the “p” sound.
When do we use special katakana?
to express some sounds that don’t exist in Japanese (e.g foreign names)
Can hiragana small letters (blended sounds) be combined with katakana?
Yes!
What are the hiragana small letters? (blended sounds) (4)
っ,ゃ,ゅ and ょ
What are the katakana small letters? (blended sounds) (5)
ァィゥェォ
What letters can be small in katakana only?
ア, イ, ウ, エ, オ
(katakana vowels)
How do you combine special katakana together?
you take the first letter of the normal katakana and add the ending of the small vowel
te + small i = ti
fu + small a = fa
What’s a special rule for katakana ュ?
The small ュ can be used in combos not seen in hiragana (ゅ ex. きゅう)
such as テュ, デュ, and フュ
フューシャピンク (fuschsia pink)
What can you use to represent a “v” sound in Japanese?
Normally, we substitute it with a “b” sound and use バ, ビ, ブ, ベ and ボ instead. But it is also possible to use ヴ to represent a “v” sound.
Ex)
violin
バイオリン
ヴァイオリン
2 ways to say Victoria in Japanese?
ビクトリア
bikutoria
ヴィクトリア
vikutoria
How do you type small letters？
Press “L” (not shift) and then the letter you want to type
Example:
if you want to type a small ィ , you type “L”, then “I”.
To describe an object, we start the sentence with?
これ meaning “this” (kore)
close to the speaker and far from the listener
これ
kore
far from the speaker and close to the listener
それ
sore
far from the speaker and listener
あれ / are
A question sentence with なん “what” cannot be answered with…?
はい “yes”
