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Korean > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

-듯(이)

A

Exactly like…, just like

(Note: -듯(이) is a bit stronger than -ㄴ/는/ㄹ 듯(이) and is often used in metaphors and idioms)

(Ex: 불 보듯(이) 뻔한 결과예요)

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2
Q

-ㄴ/는/ㄹ 듯(이)

A

As if…., like…

(Ex: 너무 웃겨서 마친 듯이 웃었어요)

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3
Q

-기 직전

A

right before doing…

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4
Q

-에서 태어나고 쭉 자라다

A

To be born and raised in…

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5
Q

-ㄹ/을 때마다

A

Whenever, everytime

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6
Q

-ㄹ 수록

A

The more… the more…

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7
Q

-ㄹ/을 걸 (그랬다)

A

Should have…

(Note: to say that something should NOT have happened, ”안“, “-지 않다”, or “-지 말다” can me added before -ㄹ/을 걸(그랬다))

(Ex: 아, 공연은 내일인데. 가사를 더 잘 외울걸)
(Ex: 컨디션이 안 좋아 가지고 오늘 학교에 안 갈걸)
(Ex: 이 벽을 주황색으로 칠하지 않을 걸 그랬어)
(Ex: 그건 우리 엄마한테 말하지 말걸)

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8
Q

-에 관해(서)

A

About…

(Note: -에 관해(서) is interchangeable with -에 대해(서))

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9
Q

-어/아 보이다

A

To appear, look…

(Ex: 행복해 보여요)

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10
Q

-ㄴ/는대

A

… said… “quote”

(Note: 대 is a shortened and therefore informal form of -다고 하다. Past tense verbs and 겠 verbs can drop theㄴ/는 and only use 대)

(Note: -ㄴ대 is used when the final letter is a vowel and -는대 is used when the final letter is a consonant)

(Note: past tense with -ㄴ/는대 would be -ㄴ/는댔다 as future tense would be -ㄹ 거래(요))

(Note: 도 can be added to ㄴ/는 대 to mean “even though…said…”)

(Ex: 아들은 미역국 좋아한다고 했어 —> 아들은 미역국 좋아한대)

(Ex: 건강한 음식 먹는대도 살이 못 빠질 것 같아요)

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11
Q

-재

A

… suggested/ recommended that… “quote”

(Note: 재 is a shortened and therefore informal form of -자고 하다)

(Ex: 민지가 나중에 같이 놀자고 했어 —> 민지가 나중에 같이 놀재)

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12
Q

-냬

A

…asked… “quote”

(Note: -냬 is a shortened and therefore informal form of -냐고 하다)

(Ex: 유진이가 생일 피티하러 어디 가냬?
—> 유진이가 생일 팥이하러 어디 가냐고 물어봤어)

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13
Q

-고 나서

A

after doing something…

(Note: 고 나서 means “after the completion of an event or action” where as 후(에) or 뒤(에) more simply mean “after”)

(Note: -고 나서 can’t be used with motion verbs (and a handful of other verbs that are an exception such as 만나다) so in these cases 어/아서 would be used to mean “and then…”)

(Ex: 일하고 나서 쉬세요)
(Ex: 듣기 시험을 어떻게 봬요?
- 문자를 잘 듣고 나서 대답을 찾으세요)
(Ex: 평소에 내가 아침에 이러나서 샤워를 하고 샤워 끝나고 나서 아침 식사를 해요. )

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14
Q

-ㄹ/을 바에(는/야는)(차라리)

A

Rather than…

(Note: 야는 and 차라리 are all to emphasize the term “rather”)

(Ex: 케이크 먹을 바에는 차라리 딸기를 먹는 게 좋을 것 같아요)

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15
Q

-뿐

A

just, only

(Ex: 지금은 어려운뿐이지만 다시 너는 일어나)

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16
Q

-ㄹ/을 뿐만 아니라

A

not only… but also…

(Ex: 음식이 없을 뿐만아니라 음식을 살 수 없는 돈도 없어)

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17
Q

-아/어 내다

A

used to express a result that has been accomplished after experiencing hardship or difficulty

(Note: not all verbs can be used with 어/아 내다)

(Ex: 그 의사는 환자들을 많이 사려냈다)

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18
Q

-ㄹ/을 담당하다

A

In charge of…

(Ex: 멤버들 중에 너가 보컬을 담당해야 될 거야)

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19
Q

-지 않고 싶다

A

To want to not do something

(Note: -지 않고 싶다 has a slightly different connotation from -고 싶지 않다 because it is to not do something + want, whereas -고 싶지 않다 is to want to do something + not)

(Note: -지 않고 싶다 and -고 싶지 않다 are in almost all cases interchangeable)

(Ex: 먹고 싶지 않아 and 먹지 않고 싶다)

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20
Q

-나(요)

A

Question ending for verbs

(Note: -나(요) is used to soften the question asked)

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21
Q

-ㄴ/은 가(요)

A

I guess…?/ Question ending for descriptive verbs

(Note: -ㄴ/은 가(요) is used to soften the question asked)

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22
Q

-고(요)

A
  1. Used to add additional information to a previously mentioned statement as an afterthought.

(Note: -고(요) is also softens the statement)

(Ex 1: 케이크를 먹었어. 아이스크림도 먹었고요)
(Ex 2: 방을 청소 했나요?
- 응. 빨래도 다 했고요.)

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23
Q

-군(요)/구나

A

Oh i see, expressing new discovery

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24
Q

-더라(고요)

A

Used when recollecting speaker’s past personal experience

(Ex: 이번 여름에 드림캐처 컨서트에 갔는데 가현이 넘 멋있더라고요!)

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25
Q

-게 하다

A

to make/let someone/something…

(Note: the thing that is being made to/allowed to do something uses the particle 을/를)

(Ex: 학생들이 선생님을 화나게 했다)
(Ex: 저는 그를 자게 할 거예요)

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26
Q

-게(끔)

A

so that, in order to

(Note: 끔 is added for emphasis)

(Ex: 제가 잘 들을 수 있게 크게 말해 주세요)
(Ex: 햇빗이 안 들어오게 커튼을 내려 줘)
(Ex: 늦지 않게끔 서둘러!)

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27
Q

-에 따라서

A

according to

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28
Q

-때까지

A

until

(Note: -때까지 is used with verbs)

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29
Q

-(ㄴ/는)다면/라면

A

hypothetical condition, if (it) were to…

(Note: (ㄴ/는)다면 is used with acting verbs, and 라면 is used with 이다/아니다)

(Ex: 날씨가 좋다면 밖에 나갈 수 있다)
(Ex: 한국인 이라면 김치 만들 수 있어)
(Ex: 시간이 있다면 연락해 주세요)

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30
Q

-때마다

A

every time, whenever

(Ex: 이 영화를 볼때마다 울어)

31
Q

-(으)려고(요)

A

to intend, with the intention to

(Ex: 밖이 일찍 나가려고요)
(Ex: 내가 신발을 신으려고 잠깐 기다려주세요)

32
Q

-든지 (간에)

A

Whether…, it doesn’t matter if…, no matter if…

(Note: 간에 in this case means between)

(Ex: 우리가 내일 가든지 내일모래 가든지 간에 어차피 가야 돼)

33
Q

-고서

A

And then…

(Note: -고서 is an expression of the order off two things)

(Note: -고서 cannot be uses with motion verbs)

34
Q

-(으)ㄹ 지도 모르다

A

might, could, possibly, maybe, may

(Ex: 잊어버릴 지도 몰라서 나중에 말해봐)

35
Q

-ㄴ/는/ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다

A

To know/not know how to…

(Ex: 너가 초밥을 만들 줄 알아?)
(Ex: 그걸 할 줄 몰라요)
——————————————————
(I) thought/didn’t know…, realizing a wrong assertion was made

(Note: when saying “(i) thought/didn’t know” the past tense with ㄴ should be used)

(Ex: 아빠가 저에게 돈을 선물로 준 줄 알았어…)
(Ex: 그게 그렇게 비싼 줄 몰랐어요…)

36
Q

-도 V다시피

A

As you (title) can (verb)…

(Note: when referring to/talking to
someone who should be shown more
respect, 시 (Ex: 보시다시피) should be used)

(Note: -도 V다시피 can be made past tense by conjugating the verb to its -었/았 form, and future tense by adding -겠)

(Note :Common words used with -도 V다시피 are 보다, 듣다, 알다, 느끼다, 짐직하다, and 예상하다)

(Ex: 선생님도 보겠시다시피 제 방 안에 아무것도 없어요)
(Ex: 들었다시피 지난주에 코로나 걸렸습니다)
(Ex: 너도 알다시피 돈이 없어서 그건 못 사)

37
Q

-ㄹ 때면

A

Whenever, when (hypothetical)

(Note: -ㄹ 때면 is less written in stone than 때 and the 면 adds a more hypothetical feel of “if or when something happens”)

(Note: another possible translation for -ㄹ 때면 could be “whenever (we) happen to verb”)

(Note: -ㄹ 때면 has a feeling of anticipation)

(Ex: 만날 때면)
(Ex: 내가 널 볼 때면 숨이 막혀)

38
Q

-지 뭐

A

…or whatever, (so) i guess…

(Note: -지 뭐 has a nuance of “oh well” when you can’t change the situation)

(Ex: 완벽한 사람이랑 결혼하는 것이 그냥 환상이지 뭐)
(Ex: 일주일 동안 갔으면 좋겠는데 호텔이 없어서 나흘간만 가지 뭐)

39
Q

-ㄴ/는/을/ㄹ 지 모르다

A

I don’t know if… or not

(Note: if the verb is a 하다 verb, the word doesn’t need to be repeated and can just have 하다 in its place; however if it is a verb with 하다 it must be repeated)

(Note: you can use -ㄴ/는/을/ㄹ 지 모르다 with verbs that are not the same)

(Note: depending on the tense of the verb -는/을/ㄹ are used but if the verb is past tense it should use 었/았는 지 모르다)

(Ex: 내일 영화를 볼지 안 볼지 몰라요)
(Ex: 그게 내 말을 듣는지 안 듣는지 모르겠어)
(Ex: 저는 학생이 공부했는지 안 했는지 몰라요)
(Ex: 내일 공원에 갈지 영화를 볼지 모르겠어요)

40
Q

-은/ㄴ/을/ㄹ 지 time period 됐다

A

(I) have been… for…., its been…. Since (i) started…

(Note: -은/ㄴ/을/ㄹ 지 time period 됐다 implies that the action is still going on, so if you want make the statement negative and say that you did something that is no longer happening, you add 동안 which would translate to “for(a period of).” This has the meaning of (I) haven’t — in/for/since *time period))

(Note: another way to make 은/ㄴ/을/ㄹ 지 time period 됐다 negative is to add 안 in front which would be “the time since (I) haven’t — has been time period)

(Ex: 여자친구랑 사괸 지 6게월 됐어요)
(Ex: 1년 동안 안 만났어요)
(Ex: 맛있는 떡볶이 안 먹는지 1년 됐다!)

41
Q

-ㄴ/은 채(로)

A

Indicates the state of the clause, describing it continues until (and usually beyond) the action in the next clause

(Note: a relatively decent translation for -ㄴ/은 채 is “with” or “while”)

(Note: -ㄴ/은 채(로) is different from -(으)면서 because -(으)면서 implies that the action is occuring simutaneously as the preceeding clause is happening, where as with ㄴ/은 채(로) the already completed action is more important. For example, in the sentence 선생님 모자를 쓰면서 학교에 들었다, the teacher put on his hat at the same time he walked through the door to the school, whereas in the sentence 선생님 모자를 쓴 채 헉교에 들었다 the action of the hat being placed on his head was already done/by the time the teacher walked through the door the action was already in a state of completion so the sentence is “the teacher walked into the school with a hat on his head”)

(Note: Verbs with -ㄴ/은 채(로) must be ones where once the action is done one time, it can proceed in its completed state until something changes. For example once your shoes are on they stay on until you take them off. An example sentence is “미국 사람들은 신발을 신 채로 집에 들어가요”)

(Ex: 슬기는 슬기가 아픈지 모른 채 일을 했어)
(Ex: 우리는 불을 끈 채로 영화를 봤어요)
(Ex: 음식을 입을 넣은 채로 말하면 안 돼요)

42
Q

-아/어 줄게(요)

A

Attempting to help someone, doing something as a favor

(Note: -아/어 줄게(요) is a combination of -아/어 주다 and -ㄹ게(요) where both individually means to do something for someone (literally in the case of -아/어 주다 and implicitly in the case of -ㄹ게(요)))

43
Q

-마다

A

Every

(Ex: 2시간마다 손을 씻으세요!)

44
Q

-었/았(으/더라)면…-었/았을 텐데

A

If (I) had… (I) would have…

(Ex: 조금만 일찍 왔더라면 비행기를 탈 수 있었을텐데..)
(Ex: 일찍 알았으면 내가 도와 줬을 텐데…)

45
Q

-을/를 더 잘하다

A

To get better at…

(Ex: 한국어를 더 잘하고 싶다)

46
Q

-을/ㄹ 때쯤에(는)

A

Around when…

(Note: -을/ㄹ 때 + 쯤 +에 (+ 는))

47
Q

-로 인해

A

Because of, caused by, as a result of

(Ex: 날씨로 인해 콘서트가 취소되겠습니다)
(Ex: 너로 인해 내가 아프다)

48
Q

-아/어 놓다

A

To complete an action and leave it in it’s completed state

(Ex: 문을 열어 놓아)
(Ex: 네가 정해 놓은 그 대답은 내게 없어)

49
Q

-지도 않다/못하다

A

Didn’t even do…/can’t even…..

(Ex: 보이지도 않아)
(Ex: 왜 난 안 되지? 범한이가 잘 읽지도 못 하는데!)
(Ex: 왜 나 파인애플 못 먹어? 유빈이가 파인애플을 좋아하지도 않잖아!)

50
Q

-(이)래

A

…said… “quote”

(Note: -(이)래 is a shortened and therefore informal form of -라고 하다)

(Ex: 100년 전에 하라버지가 지은 집이라고 말했어요
—> 100년 전에 하라버지가 지은 집이랬어요)

51
Q

-(으)래

A

… command… “quote”

(Note: -(으)래 is a shortened and therefore informal form of -(으)라고 하다)

(Ex: 빨리 나오라고 했어 —> 빨리 나오래)
(Ex: 모두 조용히 하라고 —> 모두 조용히 하래요)

52
Q

-달라고 (했다)

A

-

53
Q

AV -을/ㄹ 만하다

A

To be worth…, to be okay to…, to be acceptable

(Note: -을/ㄹ 만하다 is used when something is not the best/first choice option but is still not at all a bad option)

(Note: though it is not used on its own, 만하다 is a descriptive verb and therefore used 은/는 or 이/가 markers and not 을/를)

(Ex: 이 책은 읽을 만해요?)
(Ex: 내년에 한국에 갈 만할까?)
(Ex: 예전 집은 춥긴 했지만 위치가 좋아서 살 만했어요)

54
Q

-더라도

A

Even if

(Note: -더라도 is used in hypothetical situations that you think will not actually occur)

(Note: -더라도 differs from -어/아도 because it is slightly stronger in emphasis and possesses the nuance of thinking the thing will not actually occur. Because this nuance is minor, the two forms are mostly interchangeable)

(Note: because -더라도 is hypothetical, it cannot be used to say “even though…happened…”. For this, -어/아도 must be used)

(Ex: 실제 얼굴이 사진과 다르더라도 놀지 않을게요)
(Ex: 다이어트를 하더라도 식사는 꼭 해요)

55
Q

-(으)/ㄹ지라도

A

Even if (A) happens, (B) will still happen

(Note: with the -(으)/ㄹ지라도 form, the emphasis should be placed in the fact that the result would not change)

(Note: -(으)/ㄹ지라도 is often used with either 비록 or 아무리 to add emphasis)

(Note: because -(을)/ㄹ지라도 is hypothetical, it cannot be used to say “even though…happened…”. For this, -어/아도 must be used)

(Ex: 잠을 3시간 잘지라도 숙제는 다 할 수도 있어요)

56
Q

DV -을/ㄹ 만하다

A

It’s natural to be…, it’s understandable to be

(Ex: 하루 종일 일을 했는데 피곤할 만해요)
(Ex: 그 집은 큰 수영장도 있어서 비쌀 만해요)

57
Q

N -만 하다

A

To be the same size as (noun), as big as…

(Ex: 아이 얼굴이 사과만 해요)
(Ex: 제 다리는 코끼리 다리만 해요)
(Ex: 강아지 키기만 한 쥐)

58
Q

AV -고자…

A

Because I intended to…, because I planned to…, because I hoped to..

(Note: only use the standard (not past or future) form with -고자)

(Note: -고자 is a more formal form of -(으) 려고and would not be used with friends)

(Note: -고자 could come after an action verb and be proceeded by an action verb)

(Note: the subjects both before and after -고자 must be the same)

(Note: the following action verb after -고자 CANNOT be negative, meaning you can’t make sentences like “I planned to… so I didn’t…) with the -고자 form. The first action verb, however, can be negative.)

(Ex: 좋은 선생님이 되고자 아프로도 계속 노력 할 거예요)

59
Q

-(ㄴ/는) 답시고/(이)랍시고

A

Intended to/trying to/planned on… but I messed up and…

(Expressing a disappointing result, trying to do (positive thing) but actually doing (negative thing). When -(ㄴ/는) 답시고/(이)랍시고 is heard, the listener knows that the subject of the sentence messed up in some way)

(Note: AV ending in a vowel uses -(ㄴ) 답시고, AV ending in a consonant uses -(는) 답시고, DV use -답시고, and 이다 uses -(이)랍시고)

(Note: -(ㄴ/는) 답시고/(이)랍시고 has a feel of “well (I) was TRYING to… but ended up…“ or “well she SAID she was going to… but…)

(Note: with -DV(이)랍시고, a better translation could be “I heard that/ said that…)

(Ex: 영수는 책을 산답시고 서점에 갔는데 장난감 구경만 했대)
(Ex: 작은 신발을 예쁘답시고 샀더니 신지 못하고 자식품이 되었어요)
(Ex: 제가 파는것과 비슷하게 만든답시고 만들어 봤는데 맛있을지 잘 모르겠어요…)

60
Q

-을/ㄹ망정

A

Okay, but even though/if…

(Note: -을/ㄹ망정 is used more so with opinions)

(Note: -을/ㄹ망정 has the same meaning as -어/아도, 더라도, and 다솜 치도라도, but has a much much stronger emphasis)

(Note: -을/ㄹ망정 has a feel of “okay, but even though/if A, B…” or “okay but I would still rather B than A”)

(Ex: 우리 식장을 작을망정 인기가 많아요)
(Ex: 산에서 죽을망정 동산을 그만두고 싶지 않아)
(Ex: 꼴찌를 할망정 컨닝은 하지 않겠어)

61
Q

AV-지는 못할망정, N은/는 못할망정

A

Someone doesn’t do (expected) but instead they do (unexpected)

(Note: 못한망정 is often used with 오히려)
(Note: 못한망정 has a feel of “I was thinking A was going to happen but (to my surprise) B happened)

(Ex: 내 친구가 나를 도와주지망정 오히려 웃고 놀렸어)

62
Q

-(을/ㄹ)지언정

A

Even though, even if

(Note: -을/ㄹ지언정 has the same meaning as -어/아도, 더라도, 다솜 치도라도, and -을/ㄹ망정 but has a much much stronger emphasis)

(Note: -을/ㄹ지언정 has a feel of “okay, but even though/if A, B…” or “okay but I would still rather B than A”)

(Ex: 버스를 15시간 걸리지언정 비행기를 탈 수 없어요)

63
Q

-에 (푹) 빠지다

A

To be into, fall in love with, be obsessed with, be crazy about…

(Ex: 한국 문화에 푹 빠졌어요)

64
Q

차라리 V-는게 낫겠다

A

(I) would rather…

(Lit: rather than…, …would be better)
(Note: 낫겠다 means to be better)
(Note: 차라리 V-지 않는게 낫겠다 means world rather NOT)

(Ex: 우리 버스로 가자
- 차라리 운전하는 게 낫겠어요.)
(Ex: 차라리 죽는 게 낫겠어)
(Ex: 지금 너 한테 이야기 하지 않는 게 낫겠는데…)

65
Q

-가장/제일…중 한(counter)이다

A

One of the most…

(Ex: 세상에 언니는 가장 아름다운 사람들 중 한명이에요)

66
Q

N 위에…

A

Other than (N)…

(Ex: 그 위에 다른 것이 필요해요?)

67
Q

-던데

A

I found/noticed that…/ as I recall…

(Note: -던데 has two meanings. The first meaning expresses surprise of a past situation and is often (but not always) followed by a suggestion. The second is to contradict a previous statement)

(Ex: 어, 밖에서 날씨가 춥던데 따뜻하게 입고 와요)
(Ex: 야, 어제 민지를 봤지? 너무 예쁘던데)

(Ex: 수진이 키가 작아요.
- 수진? 아니요 수진이 키가 크던데요)
(Ex: 여섭은 강아지 세마리 있어요.
- 아니, 두마리 있던데. 강아지 두마리하고 고양이 한마리 있어)

68
Q

-느냐에 따라서…

A

Depending on (if/wether..)

(Note: similarly to the grammar point -는지 안 -는지, 느냐에 따라서 can be written as -느냐 안 -느냐 따라서 to mean “depending on wether…or not”)

(Ex: 내일 언제 가느냐에 따라서 저는 갈지도 몰라요)
(Ex: 우리 엄마 요리하느냐 안 하느냐에 따라서 식당에 갈게요)

69
Q

-ㅁ/음에 따라서

A

As I…

(Ex: 유럽에 여행함에 따라서 많은 새로운 음식을 먹었다)

70
Q

-는 대로

A

As soon as…

(Note: -는 대로 has the exact same meaning as -자마자, but is less commonly used in spoken language)

(Note: 집에서 도착하는 대로 화장실에 가고 싶어)

71
Q

-아/어 있어

A

Indicates that something is existing in a particular state

(Note: -아/어 있어 is used similarly to N 있다. For example “나를 찾아봐. 식당에 있어요” and “나를 찾아봐. 식당에 앉아 있어)

(Ex: 뒷자리에 앉아 있어)
(Ex: 너의 친구 앞에 서 있어)

72
Q

-ㄹ/을 듯 말 듯

A

Almost but not quite, just about to do something, barely

(Note: -듯 means “to be like or similar to” and 말다 means “to not” so -ㄹ/을 듯 말 듯 literally translates to “to be like V but to not be like it” or)

(Ex: 생각이 날 듯 말 듯)

73
Q

-까지

A

Even..

(Note: when 까지 follows a noun it takes on the same meaning as (어/아)도)

(Ex: 오늘 눈까지 왔어요)
(Ex: 철수까지도 초대했어)

74
Q

-은/는커녕

A

Forget….

(Note: -은/는커녕 and 조차 are often used together)

(Ex: 영화는커녕 내 집조차 나가지 못 해)
(Ex: 한국말은커녕 영어조차 너무 어렵잖아요)

Korean (8 decks)

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