Grammar 1

Question 1

English Sentence Structure:

1. Subject - Verb - Object (ex: I - build - bridges)
2. Subject - Adjective (ex: You - are beautiful)

Korean Sentence Structure:
1.
2.

Answer 1

Korean Sentence Structure:

1. Subject - Object - Verb (ex: I - bridges - build)
2. Subject - Adjective (ex: You - are beautiful)

Question 2

In Korean, all sentences must end in a ______ or _____.

Answer 2

verb, adjective

Question 3

Korean participles are used to distinguish between SUBJECTS and OBJECTS.

Subjects: (1) and (2)

(1) used when subject’s last letter is a vowel
(2) used when subject’s last letter is a consonant

Objects: (3) and (4)

(3) used when object’s last letter is a vowel
(4) used when subject’s last letter is a consonant

Answer 3

(1) 는 (ex: 나 changes to 나는)
(2) 은 (ex: 집 changes to 집은)
(3) 를 (ex: 나 changes to 나를)
(4) 을 (ex: 집 changes to 집을)

ex in English:
My mom will make pasta (changes to):
My mom은 pasta를 will make

ex in English:
The movie was scary = The movie는 was scary

Question 4

Participle for place (1) or time (2): _____

This participle replaces (1) and (2) both.

Answer 4

(1) = to
(2) = at
에

English: I - went - TO the park.
Korean: I는 - the park에 - went.

English: I ate hamburgers AT 3 p.m.
Korean: I는 - hamburgers을 - 3 p.m.에 - ate. (end verb)

Question 5

The English “is/am/are/was/were” are all translated into “to be” in Korean, spelled _____. It (is not / is) used as an adjective and verb. It attaches directly to the ______.

ex:
I AM a man.
He IS a man.
They ARE men.
I WAS a man.
They WERE men.

Answer 5

• 이다
• is not
• noun

ex (un-conjugated):
English: I AM a man.
Hybrid: I는 - man이다.
Korean: 나는 남자이다

ex (un-conjugated):
나는 사람이다
I am a ______. —> 나는 ______이다 (un-conjugated).

Question 6

“This” and “That” (이/그/저):

1. (이/그/저) is used when noun is within touch range
2. (이/그/저) is used when noun is out of touch range
3. (이/그/저) is used when noun is from previous context

Answer 6

1. 이
2. 저
3. 그

ex:
이 사람 = This person
그 사람 = That person
저 사람 = That person

Question 7

The word for “thing” forms a _______ with 이, 그, and 저. This means there is no space between the words.

Answer 7

compound word
(thing = 것)

ex:
이것 = this thing
그것 = that thing
저것 = that thing

Question 8

Jargonic Examples (applies to (이/그/저):

1. “I like that woman.” (“that” is a determiner)
2. “I like that.” (“that” is a pronoun)

Korean:

1. “I like _____ woman.” (“that” is a determiner)
2. “I like ______.” (“that” is a pronoun)

Works for this, that, and that.

Answer 8

Korean:

1. 그 = “that” is a determiner
2. 그것 = “that” is a pronoun

ex:
“I like this (determiner) woman” is the same as
“I like this (pronoun)”

Question 9

Using “This/That” (이/그/저) with “to be” (이다):

Translate this English sentence to Korean (w/ participles):

1. That person is a doctor.
2. This (thing) is a tree.
3. That person is a man.

Answer 9

1. English: That person is a doctor.
   Hybrid: That person는 doctor is.
   Korean: 그 + 사람은 + 의사 + 이다
   Korean: 그 사람은 의사이다 (un-conjugated)
2. English: This (thing) is a tree.
   Korean: 이것은 나무이다 (un-conjugated)
3. English: That person is a man
   Korean: 그 사람은 남자이다 (un-conjugated)