Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

english int. 2 > Grammaire/ syntaxique élément > Flashcards

Grammaire/ syntaxique élément Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

When we use simple aspect is because:

A

Complete action/ action starting et finishing/ important when using number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When we use progressif/continuous aspect is because:

A

Focus: duration of the action/ between star and finish of an action, never permanent
EX: She is probably sleeping right now. (For her sleep have start but not finish)
- Live, work, play, earn: temporary action
- Short action : Dont use in continuous aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Les Stative verb - seen permanent/ do not change?

A
  • Verb of perception: See, look, feel, taste, seem, recognize…
  • Verbs of emotion: want, prefer, love, hate, hope, forgive…
  • Thinking verbs: Know, think, believe, remember, consider…
    -other: Owe, own, deserve, cost, contain, intend…
    NOT USE WITH CONTINUOUS ASPECT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Simple present ?

A
  • Express habit, usual activities, general statement or fact
  • I/You/we/They Write/ don’t write/
  • He/she/it Writes/ doesn’t write
    Question: (Why) do I/You/we/They write letters?
    (When) Does He/she/it write letters?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Present continuous?

A

-Express an activity that is in progress (is happening) right now. The event began in the past, is in progress now and will probably continue in the future
- I Am writing… / I am not writing…
- He/she/it is writing… / isn’t writing…
-You/ we/ they are writing/ aren’t writing…
Question: -(Why) am I writing…
-(When) are you/we/ther writing…
-(where) is he/she/it writing…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Time indicator present?

A
  • Adv of frequency: Always, never, sometimes, frequently, occasionally, etc.
  • Others: From time to time, on Saturdays, Three time a week, etc
  • Anything that indicate the future: Next … day, in … day/months, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Time indicator present continuous?

A
  • (right) now, currently, presently, more and more, less and less, these days, etc.
  • Anything that indicate the future: Next … day, in … day/months, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Past simple VS Past progressif/continuous

A

Past simple: The interruption (that time)
Past progressif/continuous : thing in progress and possibility of stop (interruption) and this action continues after the stop
EX: Dan was typing (P.P) when a banana hit (past) him in the head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Simple past?

A

-I/you/he/we/they wrote (irr. veb= check dictionnary) if regular ad -ed
-I/you/he/we/they did not/ didn’t write…
Question:
(why) did I/you/he/we/they write…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Past continuous/progressive

A

-I/he/she was writing… / Was not, wasn’t writing
-you/we/they were writing… /were not, weren’t writing
Question:
(Why) was I/he/she writing…?
(When) were you/we/they writing…?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Time indicator past ?

A
  • Anything that indicates the past: _ days/months, etc
  • When, all of a sudden, etc.
  • Anything that indicate frequency (adv): always, sometimes, never, seldom, etc, / time to time, on saturdays, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Time indicator past continuous/progressive?

A
  • While, as, during, etc.

- Anything that indicate the past: Last_, On _ (a date or day), etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Time clause?

Main clause?

A
  • Introduce by after, before, until, as soon as, while, when…/ commence la phrase, on mets un virgule.
  • Sujet, verb, object.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Used to+ base verb?

A
  • Past habit, past routine are not true anymore.
  • I used to play…
  • I didn’t used/use to play…
  • I never used to… (other negative form)
  • Did you used (use) to go…?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For?
While?
During?

A
  • Express duration or how long something have happen
  • While + verb form
  • With a noun to express when something happen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Possessive noun?

A

An apostrophe ‘ and a -s are used with noun to show possession.

  • Singular: Noun+’+ s = Student’s
  • Plural : Noun+ -s + ‘ = Students’
  • Irregular: Noun+ ‘ + -s = men’s / children’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Règle for Irregular plural noun

A
  1. -f or -fe become -ves = Calf -> calves
    Exception: Beliefs, chiefs, cliffs, cuffs, roofs
  2. -O takes -S or -ES : auto-> autos (look in the dictionnary)
  3. Noun do not change : Deer-> deer
  4. Some noun always plural : scissors, pyjama, etc.
  5. some borrowed from other language : Bacterium -> bacteria
    LOOK IN THE DICTIONARY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Règle for irregular plurial (to memorized)

A 
Die : dice
Fireman: Firemen
Foot : Feet
Goose : geese
Man: men
Mouse : mice
Tooth: teeth
Woman: Women
Child : Children
Ox : Oxen
Person : people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Countable noun

A
  • Noun you can count, become plural

- You can draw count noun/ borders of count noun are defined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non-count noum /Uncountable

A

-Noun cannot count/ don’t become plural
-Cannot visualise the border of non-count noun, cannot draw the border.
Longman dictionary : « U»

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Question to ask about count and non-count noum

A 
1. Noun : countable or uncountable
Count noun
2. If the noun singular : a ,an, one, each, every, etc.
3. If the noun is plural
Regular
- Add -s
-Add -es after x, zz, ch, sh, s
-After consonant, change y to i and add es : Baby= babies
Irregular
- Memorized (dans un autre flashcard)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Quantifier for count noun

A

A few / few/ a couple of/ many/ a/ an/ Several

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Quantifier for non-count noun

A

A little/ little/ a great deal of / a piece of/ a bit of / Much (never plural)

24
Q

Quantifier for count noun and non count noun

A

A lot of/ lot of/ plenty of / zero article (nothing) / some/ the /enough/ a lack of / most of the

25
Q

A

An

A
  • Begin with consonance (b-c-d-f-…) /

- Begin with a vowel (a-e-i-o-u-y)

26
Q

Subject pronouns

A

-Need a verb, follow verb
-I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they
EX: He will go. (He do the action)

27
Q

Object pronouns

A

-Can be direct, indirect object or object of proposition
-Come after verb and preposition
- Me/ you/ him/ her/ it/ us/ you/ them
EX: Max saw her.

28
Q

Possessive adjectives

A

-Accompany noun/ before the noun
- My/ Your/ his/ her/ its/ our/ your / their
EX: That’s our name.

29
Q

Possessive pronouns

A
  • Remplace possessive adj + noun / can’t put a noun after/ avoid repetition
  • Mine/ yours/ his/ hers/Not used/ ours/ yours/ theirs
    EX: The car is yours.
30
Q

Reflexive pronouns

A
  • Subjet -> object are the same
  • (by) + ref. pronoun= alone
  • Myself / yourself/ himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/ yourselves/ themselves
    EX: I saw myself in a mirror.
31
Q

Preposition : IN

A

General / large
Time: Part of the day, mounts, season, year, centuries
Place : Inside = box, room, yard / geographic location

32
Q

Preposition: On

A

More specific than In
Time: Days of the week, date, Holliday (On time, on the weekend)
Place: Something on top on the table, floor, etc. /

33
Q

preposition: At

A

Specific/ smaller
Time: Use with specific time (sunrise, midnight)/ With age (specific)
Place: Building (Eiffel Towers)/ Event/ place, adresse

34
Q

Preposition : By

A

Time: No later than (deadline) - by 10pm
Place: Near (close to) or beside (a coté de) - by the uni

35
Q

Preposition : From

A

Beginning a time or a place (origin)

EX: Meeting will run from 10 to 11

36
Q

Preposition : To

A

Time : End of event- Meeting will run form 10 to 11

Place: Movement from pl.a to pl.b (final destination), end of movement.

37
Q

List of preposition

A

About / against/ around/ before/ beside (e)/ between/ despite/ for/ into/ like/ near/ of/ off/ out / since/ toward/ until/ within/ without , etc.

38
Q

Preposition combinaison

A

Afraid, scared of/ angry of/ with so but about so/ depend on/ different from/ happy about so/ interested in/ listen to/ look at/ sad about/ similar to/ used to + verb/ wait for

39
Q

Adverb frequency positive

A

Always/ almost alwyas/ usually/ often/ frequently/ generally/ sometimes/ (de usually doit être en début ou fin de phrase)

40
Q

Adverb frequency negative (pas utiliser avec neg. phrase)

A

Seldom/ rarely/ hardly ever/ almost ever/ not ever/ never / occasionally

41
Q

Adverb frequency always/ usually

A
  • She doesn’t always eat … (suit neg. ver ou neg. verb être)
  • Do you always eat… (Après sujet)
  • Ann usually doesn’t eat… (avant négation)
42
Q

Subordinating conjunction (Sconj)

A

After/ because/ before/ when/ while/ since/ until/ so although/ though/ even though/ whereas/ if/ unless/ only if/ even if, etc.

43
Q

Coordinating conjounction (Cconj)

A 
F: for
A: and
N : nor
B: but
O: or
Y: yet
S: so
44
Q

C. Adv

A

Accordingly/ again/ also/ finally/ futhermore/ however/ then/ therefore- joint idea, no comma but ; /. / sinon erreur

45
Q

Common sentence problem

A
  1. Run on sentence (RO) : sentence lack adequate punctuation or have too few or to many
  2. Comma-splices (CO): two independant clause only connect by a comma, utiliser ; ou une virgule + conj.
  3. Sentence fragments (FRAG): Part of sentence, incomplete sentence
  4. Doubled subjects (DS): acceptable to have two different subject but not the same on twice.
46
Q

Connecting words/ expression

A

On one hand, on the other hand/ Fist of all, first/ Secondly, second/ Consequently/ futhermore, in addition/ so, then/ indeed/ regardless/ whereas/ basically/ To conclude, finally

47
Q

How to write an argumentive paragraphe?

A

Titre
Indent _ Topic sentence
Supp. detail 1 (reason, arg)- First
Illustration 1 with 2 sentences- For instance
Illutration 2 with 2 sentences-In addition
Supp. detail 2 (reason, arg 2)- Second
Illustration 1 with 2 sentences- On one hand
Illustration 2 with 2 sentences- On the other hand
Closing sentence (répète les deux supp. detail)- In conclusion

48
Q
  1. Four différent ways to express future
A
  1. Present simple: Sentence that concern events that are on a definite schedule or timetable. Contain future word like be, open, close, begin, start, end, finish, arrive, come, leave, return. EVENT NOT DETERMINED BY US
    EX: John starts works next week.
49
Q

2.Four différent ways to express future

A
  1. Present continuous: Sentence that concern a definite plans or intentions. Contain future time indicator or th future is understood from the context.
    - Similar to Be going to but just a bit more fixed.
    EX: They can’t play tennis with you tomorrow because they are working.
50
Q
  1. Four différent ways to express future
A
  1. Be going to+ verb
    - When the speaker already has an plan or intention. Talk about something already decided.
    EX: We are going to redo our house this year.
    - When the speaker is making prediction, either based on present evidence (event) or not. (base your prediction on something in front of you (see, near, etc)
    EX: The sky is very gray. It’s going to rain. (based on what I se)
51
Q
  1. Four différent ways to express future
A

Will:
- When the speaker makes a promise, vow. STRONG
EX: I promise that I will take out the garbage.
- When the speaker is making a prediction (not based on present evidence; just his/her opinion/ intuition)
EX: Tomorrow will be hot and sunny (more formal)
Tomorrow is going to be hot and sunny. (less formal)
- when the speaker decides to do something spontaneous, with no previous plan (unplanned actions)/ no thought before.
EX: Hold on! I’ll get a pen.
DON’T OVER USE WILL / BUT IN A COMPOSITION USE WILL

52
Q

True Modal

A

Can-could-may-might-must-should-will and would
- Are auxiliary verb
-are not conjugated / are invariable
-are followed by the base form of another verb They could study
-Do not take additionnal auxiliary verb
Are not followed by to

53
Q

Semi-modals

A

Be going to- have/has (got) to- had to- ought to- used to and would rather

  • consist of two or more words, one usually being to
  • Often have the same meaning as true modal ( I Ought to = I should)
  • Are sometimes conjugated (I am going to call/ He has to call/ We have to call)
  • Are followed by the base form of another verb (Last night, we had to eat (base form)
54
Q

Relative adj pronom

A 
Who -> person
Which -> thing
That -> Thing/ person
Whose -> Possession between two nouns
Relative adj clause= describe noun + start with who, which, that, whose, whom
55
Q

Modal and true modal

A 
Ability: Can et could
Possibility : May, might, maybe
Permission: May, can
possibility: Could
Polite question: May I, Could I, Can I, Would you, Could you, Will you, Can you
Advise: Should, Ought to, Had better
Necessity : Have to, Have got to, Must
Lack of necessity : Do not have to
Prohibition: Must Not
Suggestion: Let's and Why don't
Preference : prefer, Like...better, Would rather

english int. 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions