Gram + Rods

Question 1

What are important Gram positive Rods?

Answer 1

1- spore-forming include:
A- aerobic → bacilli
B- anaerobic → clostridial
2. Non-spore forming include
A - filamentous → actinomycetes and nocardia
B- non-filamentous → corynebacteria

Question 2

Explain corynebacterinen diphtheriae? Other name?
What are it’s characteristics?
Where do they collect energy?

Answer 2

They are G + Rod shop (club shaped)
Kleb’s -loeffler bacillus
Non motile, non capsulated, non sporting, pile present
Met -achromatic granules are store house of Bacteria

Question 3

Cell wall of cortnebactormn is lipid rich and contain which types off acid?

Answer 3

Lipid cell wall rich in mesodia minopimelic acid, arabinogtactam polymers, and short chain mycolic acid.

Question 4

If they stained by Albert’s stair hour do they appear?

Answer 4

They appear green with bluish black metachromatic granules at the poles.

Question 5

Where do corynebacterium habitate?

Answer 5

1 -nasopharynx, skin lesions
2- mouth, throat, nose, skin
3- patient carry Bacteria upto 3 mounts after infection.

Question 6

What are subtype of corgnebacturinn diphtheriae?

And how to distinguish between them biochemically, and by culturing

Answer 6

Biochemically:-
Gravis strain can ferment starch and sugar.
Interceding and mitis can’t.
Laboratory
1- Mites:- typically arranged on loeflour media and circular glistening (shining) black on Tellurrite media.
2- inter-medium;- irregular, No metachromatic granules on loeffler media and she all, smooth, grey-black, with pole prephral on telluride media.
3-Gravis:- club shap, few metachromatic granules on loeffler media and flat gray, irregular edges on telluride media.

Question 7

Pseudomonbrane formed by C. Diphtheria is composed of what?

Answer 7

Fibrin, bacteria and inflammations cells

Question 8

C. Diphtheria toxin ‘s treated with what?

Answer 8

FormaldeHyde

Question 9

What are symptoms of diphtheria?

Answer 9

1- pheaerynagitis
2 -fever
3- swelling of neck

Question 10

Toxin produced by c.diphtherra causes which disorders * peripheral organ?

Answer 10

1-paralysis
2- congestive heart failure
3-Nasopharyngeal dipherica causes
A- sore throat
B- dysphagia
C- Bloody, nasal discharge
D- pseudomembrane formation

Question 11

Define bacillus anthraces?

Answer 11

They has tendency to form long chain of Rods . characterized by rough, uneven surface.

Question 12

What is nature of a. antheracis capsule?

Answer 12

Glutamic acid polypeptide capsule. Has antiphagocytic properties

Question 13

What are exotoxins produced by bacillus anthracis?

Answer 13

Lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen

Question 14

In which stage do B. anthraces multiply?

Answer 14

In vegetative state

Question 15

T /F cutanous anthrax usually begins 2-5 days. After inoculation of spores into exposed part of body.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is initial lesion of skin anthrax? And progress to what?

Answer 16

Erythematous papule, progress after 7-10 days into black Escher, surrounded by edema. May progress to massive local edama, toxemia and bacteremia.

Question 17

Explain pulmonary anthrax?

Answer 17

Is contracted by inhalation of spores, they called woolsorter’s disease., in pulmonary syndrome,1-5 days of mild Fever aus non productive coach lead to progressive respiratory distress and cycrosis, spread to Bloodstream and CNS follow rapidly.

Question 18

Treatment of chaise. Of anthrax?

What are other alternative of treatment?

Answer 18

Penicillin

Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin are alternatives

Question 19

Which vaccine is used for an anthrax?

Answer 19

Pasteur’s vaccine

Question 20

What’s function of anthracis capsule

Answer 20

capsule aid in survival, eventually allowing production of large enough amounts of the exotoxins to causedisease.

Question 21

• Where do bacillus cereus found?
  _ T/F bacillus cereus is not opportunistic pathogens to immunocompromised patients
  -T/F it is considered as normal flora
  -T,/F It is able to grow either in the presence or in the absence of oxygen.
  T/F Bacillus cereus are not easily killed by alcohol

Answer 21

found in mashed potatoes, beef stew, apples, hot chocolates
False
False
True
True

Question 22

When does B. cereus regarded as pofhogenie?

Answer 22

a concentration of 10 5 bacteria or more per gram of food is considered diagnostic.

Question 23

Explain morphology of B. cereus?

Answer 23

Gram +, Rod shap, squad end, short chains
Clear cut junction between chains can be seen,, It is motile and flagellated, motile by two types of motility, swimming and swarming.

Question 24

On which culture do b-cereus grow? Tempwatre? Color?

Answer 24

on nutrient agar or peptone media. varies from 20°C to 40°C, mostly 37°C. grey-white color.

Question 25

T,/ F On blood agar, B-cereus is beta-hemolytic.

Answer 25

T

Question 26

What is benefit of baccarat media?

Answer 26

promotes the growth and identification of B. cereus but inhibits the growth of background flora. Bacillus cereus colonies turn pink-orange with an opaque halo.

Question 27

T,/F B. cereus is most commonly associated with food poisoning, specially rice.

Answer 27

T

Question 28

B. Cereus is mediated by two enterotoxins what are they?

Answer 28

.The heat-stable, proteolysis-resistant enterotoxin causes the emetic form of the disease. emetic form is manifested by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps

.The heat-labile enterotoxin causes the diarrheal form of the disease; each stimulates the adenylate cyclase–cyclic adenosine monophosphate system in intestinal epithelial cells, leading to profuse watery diarrhea.

Question 29

When B. cereus become opportunistic infector?

Answer 29

posttraumatic eye infections, endocarditis, and bacteremia.

Question 30

What are toxins produced by B. Cereus?

Answer 30

1 necrotic toxin (a heat-labile enterotoxin),
2 cereolysin,
3 phospholipase C (a potent lecithinase).

Question 31

What are two for of Food poisoning of B. Cereus?

Answer 31

vomiting disease (emetic form) and diarrheal disease (diarrheal form).

Question 32

Explain emetic form poisoning of B. Cereus?

Answer 32

emetic form of the disease results from the consumption of contaminated rice.

The emetic form of the disease is an intoxication, caused by the ingestion of the enterotoxin and not the bacteria.

Question 33

How can B, cereus affect eye infection?

Answer 33

B. cereus ocular infections usually occur after traumatic, penetrating injuries of the eye with a soil contaminated object.

Question 34

What’s cause of diarrheal form infection caused by B. Cerens?

Answer 34

enterotoxin is responsible for the profuse watery diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps.

Question 35

How to treat B. cereus?

Answer 35

food poisoning require only supportive treatment.
During vomiting only rehydration is requires.
invasive disease require antibiotic therapy. Bacillus cereus is susceptible to clindamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, aminoglycosides, and tetracycline. It is resistant to penicillin and trimethoprim..

Question 36

What is peptostreptococeus?

Answer 36

anaerobic Gram-positive cocci

They causes. oropharyngeal infections and brain abscess. Mostly found in month and intestine

Question 37

Give an example about Gram negative anaerobes cocci?

Answer 37

veilonella, lives in intestine,

Question 38

What ‘s bacteroids fragile?

Answer 38

Gram negative bacilli, has polysaccharide capsule, produce enterotoxins lives in lintestue and cause abdominal abscess.

Question 39

T/ F propionibacterium are among the most common bacteria in the normal flora of the skin.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Where do eubacterium mostly found?

Answer 40

They are grave positive bacilli mostly found on colonic Flora.

Question 41

When do anaerobic Bacteria causes pallogenesity?

Answer 41

displaced from normal flora to deeper sites

Question 42

When do Brain abscess fore’s

Answer 42

Brain abscess typically involves anaerobic bacteria.

Question 43

What are serious infections caused by anaerobic Bacteria’s?

Answer 43

1- abscesses within the cranium, thorax, peritoneum, liver, and female genital tract
2- chronic sinusitis, chronic otitis media, osteomyelitis,
3-necrotizing fasciitis) and thrombophlebitis are common complications.
4-A foul-smelling pus

Question 44

Which anaerobic Bacteria is resistant to beta-lactam?

Answer 44

Bacteriodes fragilis

Question 45

Best treatment to anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 45

Co-existense condition, penicillin and other beta-lactams are used in combination with clindamycin