Clostridia

Question 1

Define clostridial?

Answer 1

Spore forming, gram positive bacilli,

Question 2

What are exotoxins types produce by costridia?

Answer 2

1- histotoxic group → clostridium perfringens

2- neurotoxic group→ C.tetarni and C. Botulinum.

Question 3

Which type of clostridia produce enterotoxins?

Answer 3

C. Difficle

Question 4

What is other name of C. difficle?

Answer 4

Pseudomembranous Colitis

They are Gram +, spore forming, anaerobic bacillus

Question 5

Which disease is commonly caused by C. difficle?

Answer 5

Nosocomial diarrhea

Question 6

Which antibiotics are causes diarrhea, During treatment of C. difficle?

Answer 6

1 - cephalosporins
2- erythromycin
3-penicillins
4- quinolone
5 -Tetracycline

Question 7

When does C. Difficult effect colons?

Answer 7

1- disruption of normal colonic flora
2- colonization by C. difficle
3- production of toxin A+B

Question 8

Which type of Bacteria’s grow slowly on culture media?

Which Bacteria grow actively on culture media?

Answer 8

1-T.B
2-clostridium
Slow growth 👆🏻
-E. Coli
Active growth👆🏻

Question 9

True or false?
Clostridium don’t produce hemolysis on Blood agar..
.clostridium ferment CHO into buteric acid, acetic and alcohol.

Answer 9

1- false

2 true

Question 10

What are most important, media’s for anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 10

Robert son’s medium(contain amino acids)
 Nutrient agar
 Blood agar
 Lactose egg yolk milk agar
 Mac agar
 Cooked meat broth/medium Robert son’s cooked meat)
 Thioglycolate

Question 11

What are clostridium species

Answer 11

 C. perfringens _ gas gangrene; food poisoning
 C. tetani _ tetanus
 C. botulinum _ botulism
 C. difficile _ pseudomembranous colitis

Question 12

Where do c.tetani mostly found in environment?

Answer 12

soil

Question 13

Enumerate different shapes of C.tetani?

Answer 13

1- Rod shap

2- spores, C. tetani becomes substantially enlarged at one end, resembling a tennis racket

Question 14

Which stage of C.tetani affect the wound?

Answer 14

Spores

Question 15

The C. tetani. Which found in wound they produce which toxins?

Answer 15

potent toxin, tetanospasmin

Question 16

Tetanospasmin a toxin produced by C.tetani How this affect human?

Answer 16

interferes with motor neurons, causing tetanus.

Question 17

What are characteristics of tetani?

Answer 17

rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium

motile by way of various flagella

cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.

Question 18

In deep wound, How do tetani generate?

Answer 18

limited exposure to surface air can result in a very low-oxygen environment, allowing C. tetani spores to germinate and grow.As C. tetani grows at the wound site, it releases the toxins tetanolysin and tetanospasmin.

Question 19

Tetanospasmin to in produced by which Bacteria?
What is it’s lethal dose?
How do they spread (toxins)?

Answer 19

Clorstidum tetani

lethal dose less than 2.5 nanograms per kilogram of body weight,

Tetanospasmin spreads via the lymphatic system and bloodstream throughout the body, where it is taken up into various parts of the nervous system.

Question 20

What is action Mechanism of tetanospasmin for blocking the nervous system?

Answer 20

tetanospasmin acts by blocking the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and gammaaminobutyric acid at motor nerve endings.This blockade leads to the widespread activation of motor neurons and spasming of muscles throughout the body.

Question 21

What is most important sigmptone of tetani?

Answer 21

lockjaw or fit of jaw; followed by spasms of the abdominal muscles and the limbs. Muscle spasms •