Gram-positive cocci ⭕️

Question 1

▪ some strains survive low heat
▪ spheroidal, mesophiles
▪ found in the intestinal contents of humans, animals, and birds 👩‍💼🐥🐻
▪ can establish on equipment surfaces 🛢
▪ used as an indicator of sanitation 🧼🚰

Answer 1

Enterococcus faecalis

Question 2

▪ ovoid elongated, non-motile facultative anaerobic bacteria that occur in pairs or short chains
▪ mesophiles but can grow at 10°C
▪ produce lactic acid 🍶
▪ used to produced fermented dairy foods
▪ used as biopreservatives ❇️
▪ present in raw milk and plants 🥛🍃

Answer 2

Lactococcus lactis, cremoris

Question 3

▪ spherical or lenticular, non-motile facultative anaerobes that occur in pairs or chains
▪ heterolactic fermentators
▪ mesophiles but can grow at 3°C
▪ psychrotrophic strains are associated with spoilage of vacuum-packaged refrigerated foods 🫙
▪ used as food bio-preservatives
▪ found in plants, meat, and milk 🍃🍖🥛
▪ species mesenteroides, lactis, carnosum, mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum

Answer 3

Leuconostoc

Question 4

▪ spherical, non-motile aerobes that occur in pairs, tetrads, or clusters
▪ some species produce yellow colonies 🟡
▪ mesophiles
▪ resistant to low heat
▪ found in mammalian skin
▪ can cause spoilage used in food fermentation
▪ can cause spoilage of alcoholic beverages 🍶
▪ used as food bio-preservatives ❇️
▪ found in vegetative materials

Answer 4

Pediococcus acidilactici, pentosaceus

Question 5

▪ large, spherical non-motile facultative anaerobes
▪ occur in packets of eight or more
▪ produce acid and gas from carbohydrates 🍞🥖🥯
▪ present in soil, plant products, and animal feces
▪ can be involved in spoilage of foods of plant origin

Answer 5

Sarcina maxima

Question 6

▪ frequently involved in foodborne diseases 🍽
▪ spherical, non-motile mesophilic facultative anaerobes that occur singly, in pairs, or in clusters
▪ grow in 10% NaCl 🧂
▪ main habitat is skin of human, animals, and birds 👩‍💼🐻🐥

Answer 6

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 7

▪ used for processing some fermented sausages 🌭
▪ spherical, non-motile mesophilic facultative anaerobes that occur singly, in pairs, or in clusters
▪ grow in 10% NaCl 🧂
▪ main habitat is skin of human, animals, and birds 👩‍💼🐻🐥

Answer 7

Staphylococcus carnosus

Question 8

▪ pathogenic and implicated in foodborne 🩹🍽
▪ spherical or ovoid, non-motile facultative anaerobes that occur in pairs or chains
▪ mesophiles but can grow at 50°C
▪ present as commensals in human respiratory tract 🫁
▪ can be present in milk 🥛

Answer 8

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 9

▪ used in dairy fermentation 🧀
▪ spherical or ovoid, non-motile facultative anaerobes that occur in pairs or chains
▪ mesophiles but can grow at 50°C
▪ present as commensals in human respiratory tract 🫁
▪ can be present in milk 🥛

Answer 9

Streptococcus thermophilus