Gram Positive Bacteria

Question 0

How is scalded skin syndrome treated?

Answer 0

With oral antibiotics

Question 1

Name some of the infections caused by staphylococci

Answer 1

Food poisoning
Endocarditis
Bone infections
Skin and soft tissue infections (eg. Scalded skin syndrome) 
Toxic shock syndrome

Question 2

Name some of the infections caused by clostridium

Answer 2

Gas gangrene (C.perfringens)
Digestive system infections (C.difficile)

Question 3

Which patient group does scalded skin syndrome most commonly affect?

Answer 3

Infants and young children

Question 4

What is the main symptom of scalded skin syndrome?

Answer 4

Shedding skin layers caused by toxin production

Question 5

Describe the key symptoms of Toxic Shock syndrome

Answer 5

Fever
Hypotension
Rash
Desquamation of skin on soles of feet and palms of hands

Question 6

Name some of the infections caused by streptococci

Answer 6

Pneumonia
Meningitis
Impetigo 
Cellulitis
Necrotising Fascitis
Sinusitis

Question 7

What are the symptoms of pneumococcal meningitis?

Answer 7

Headache
Fever
Nausea/vomiting
Blotchy red rash

Children are floppy and unresponsive with pale blotchy skin

Question 8

How is pneumonia treated?

Answer 8

Penicillin

Vancomycin if the bacteria is not sensitive to penicillin

Question 9

What vaccines are used to prevent pneumonia?

Answer 9

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants <2

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly

Question 10

What infection does Group A Streptococci cause?

Answer 10

Strep throat

Can also cause bacterial pharyngitis

Question 11

How is strep throat treated?

Answer 11

Oral antibiotics (amoxicillin)

Question 12

Which patient group is at the highest risk of impetigo?

Answer 12

Children

Question 13

What are the symptoms of impetigo?

Answer 13

Blisters that burst

Yellow discharge

Question 14

How is impetigo treated?

Answer 14

Oral antibiotics (flucloxacillin)

Question 15

What type of bacteria most commonly causes cellulitis?

Answer 15

Streptococci pyogenes

And S.aureus

Question 16

How is cellulitis treated?

Answer 16

With flucloxacillin or penicillin

Question 17

What are the symptoms of cellulitis?

Answer 17

Hot, red skin

Question 18

What is necrotising fascitis?

Answer 18

An acute infection of the fascia layer of skin

It is a medical emergency

Question 19

What are the predisposing factors for necrotising fascitis?

Answer 19

Trauma
Surgical wounds
Diabetes
IVDUs

Question 20

How is necrotising fascitis treated?

Answer 20

With IV antibiotics and debridement

Question 21

Which type of bacteria causes gas gangrene?

Answer 21

Clostridium perfringens

Question 22

What are the two characteristics of all clostridium bacteria?

Answer 22

They are anaerobic

They produce spores

Question 23

What are the symptoms of gas gangrene?

Answer 23

Foul-smelling discharge and pain

Question 24

How is gas gangrene treated?

Answer 24

With debridement

and possibly amputation

Question 25

Which patient groups are at the highest risk of C.difficile infection?

Answer 25

Over 65s

Those taking broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 26

What are the complications associated with C.difficile infections?

Answer 26

Pseudomembranous colitis

Toxic mega colon

Question 27

Which bacteria is most commonly associated with meningitis in babies?

Answer 27

Group B streptococcus

Question 28

Which bacteria is the most common cause of tonsillitis?

Answer 28

Streptococcus pyogenes