Gram Positive Bacilli 3 ,4

Question 1

Anaerobic spore forming gram positive rods

Answer 1

Cholstridium

Question 2

Chlistridium that causes gas gangrene and food poisoning

Answer 2

Cholstridium perfrngnes

Question 3

causing pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 3

Cl.difficile

Question 4

Cholstridium that produce Neurotoxin effect

Answer 4

C.botulinum C.tetani

Question 5

Cholstridium that produce Enterotoxic and histotoxin ?

Answer 5

Cl.perfringene

Question 6

Gram +
• Rod shaped
• Spore-forming
• Drum stick shape(tennis racket)
• Non invasive

Answer 6

Clostridium tetani

Question 7

The spores are present in the soil (from animals
and human excreta).

Answer 7

C. tetani

Question 8

The spores germinate to the vegetative form in which species

Answer 8

Cholstridium

Question 9

Spores usually enter through accidental puncture wounds,
burns, and crushed body parts. • Umbilical stumps (tetanus neonatrum). • Uterine wound after labor or abortion. • Animal bite

Answer 9

Clostridium tetani

Question 10

potent exotoxin (a neurotoxin),
which reaches the CNS via the blood stream and
along the nerve axons (toxaemia not bacteraemia).

Answer 10

Tetanospasmin

Question 11

toxin blocks the release of inhibitory
neurotransmitters( acetylcholine esterase)(e.g
glycine) resulting in accumulation of acetylcholine
which causes, tonic spasm of the jaw muscles (lock
jaw or trismus).Spasm of face muscles(risus
sardonicus )

Answer 11

Tetanospasmin toxin

Question 12

Tetanospasmin toxin by , at ?

Answer 12

The vegetative forms of C. tetani multiply at the site of
infection

Question 13

Lock jaw (stiffness in the jaw muscles with
difficulty to open the mouth). • Stiffness descends to the rest of the body • Convulsions • Death due to respiratory failure

Answer 13

Tetanus caused by cholistridium tetani

Question 14

The diagnosis of clostridium tetani start with ?

Answer 14

Clinical picture and history of injury and antitoxin is administered without delay

Question 15

Specimen site of cholstridium tetani is taken from?

Answer 15

Deep of the wound - the bacteria is anaerobe

Question 16

G+ve long bacilli with terminal
bulging spores?

Answer 16

Cholstridium tetani

Question 17

Cultural characteristics of Cholistridium tetani?

Answer 17

Anaerobic condition
-Blood agar with air tight anaerobe jar
-Robertson cooked meat medium

Question 18

First step of tetanus treatment?

Answer 18

Antitoxin

Question 19

Antibiotic choice for treating tetanus

Answer 19

Penicillin or metronidazole

Question 20

Active Immunization of tetanus?

Answer 20

With formalin inactivated toxin (tetanus toxoid) is performed and
given with diphtheria toxoid and killed pertussis bacteria (DTaP)

Question 21

antitoxic serum to wounded persons without previous
history of vaccination.

Answer 21

Passive immunization

Question 22

most frequent clostridia
18
involved in soft tissue and wound infections • Spores found in soil, human skin, intestine, and
vagina. • Predisposing factors – surgical incisions,
compound fractures, diabetic ulcers, septic
abortions, puncture wounds, gunshot wounds

Answer 22

Clostridium perfringens

Question 23

Toxin that damages the cell membrane including erythrocyte and produce cell lysis ?

Answer 23

Alpha toxin ( lecithinase )

Question 24

produce gas in tissues.

Answer 24

Degeradative enzyme in gas gangerna case

Question 25

Organisms grow in traumatized tissue (especially muscle) and usually associated with extensive laceration and decreased oxygen supply to vital tissues.

Answer 25

Gas gangrene

Question 26

Clinical features • Pain • Oedema • Blackening and bad odour • Toxemia • Shock • Death Are associated with?

Answer 26

Gas gangrene caused by cholistridium perfringene

Question 27

Myonecrosis is caused by which organism ?

Answer 27

Cholistridium perferingen

Question 28

Cholistridium that may caused food poisoning

Answer 28

Clostridium perferingene

Question 29

The organisms cholistridium perfringene are cultured anaerobically and then identified ?

Answer 29

-By sugar fermentation reaction with acid and gas production

Question 30

Nagler reaction for cholistridium perferingen is positive due to ?

Answer 30

It lecithinase effect on egg yolk agar

Question 31

Cholistridium perfeingen are cultrified on ?

Answer 31

Blood agar (b-hemolytic) and Robertson cooked meat medium

Question 32

Stormy clot reaction of choistridium perfreingen ?

Answer 32

Positive

Question 33

Antibiotic for cholistridium perferingen

Answer 33

Cephalosporin or penicillin

Question 34

neuroparalytic disease ?

Answer 34

Botulism

Question 35

blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions,causing flaccid paralysis.

Answer 35

potent protein toxin released from C. botulinum

Question 36

Canned food provides the appropriate anaerobic environment required for germination of the spores of?

Answer 36

C. botulinum.

Question 37

Double vision, dropping eyelids, difficulty speaking and swallowing • muscle weakness leads to paralysis • paralysis of respiratory muscles leads to respiratory failure and death in 5% of cases

Answer 37

Botulism

Question 38

Infant botulism ( floppy baby) is caused by?

Answer 38

Ingestion of honey containedcl.botulinum spores

Question 39

Which organism is usually not cultured ?

Answer 39

Cholistridium botulinum

Question 40

Tests for direct toxin detection:

Answer 40

- animal pathologically -Enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) -pcr

Question 41

Treatment of botulism ?

Answer 41

Intravenous or intramuscular administration of botulinum antitoxin

Question 42

causes antibiotic (Clindamycin and cephalosporin) associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

Answer 42

Clostridium difficile

Question 43

Drug resistant C.difficile proliferate and produces 2 types of toxins are ?

Answer 43

-A (enterotoxin) -B (cytotoxin)

Question 44

What test detects the exotoxin itself :

Answer 44

ElISA

Question 45

What test detects the genes that encode the exotoxin?

Answer 45

PCR

Question 46

What is the basis of cholistridium difficle ?

Answer 46

The presence of exotoxins in the filtrate of a patient’s stool specimen

Question 47

An 85-year-old man is hospitalized for community- acquired pneumonia. He is treated with penicillin, and over the next week he feels that he is slowly recovering. On hospital day 10, he develops a low- grade fever, watery diarrhea, and lower abdominal pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 47

Antibiotic associated colitis

Question 48

Infected pressure sores were observed on the buttock of an elderly, bedridden patient recently treated for a malignancy of the rectum. Some of the lesions are necrotic, painful to the touch, and readily give off a musty odor. Moreover, A Gram stain of the watery discharge from one of the lesions reveals an abundance of bacteria (shown in the photograph). 1-What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 48

Gas gangrene

Question 49

Infected pressure sores were observed on the buttock of an elderly, bedridden patient recently treated for a malignancy of the rectum. Some of the lesions are necrotic, painful to the touch, and readily give off a musty odor. Moreover, A Gram stain of the watery discharge from one of the lesions reveals an abundance of bacteria (shown in the photograph). Describe the morphology ofthe organism?

Answer 49

Gram positive rods spore forming anaerobe

Question 50

Infected pressure sores were observed on the buttock of an elderly, bedridden patient recently treated for a malignancy of the rectum. Some of the lesions are necrotic, painful to the touch, and readily give off a musty odor. Moreover, A Gram stain of the watery discharge from one of the lesions reveals an abundance of bacteria write the name of the causative organism

Answer 50

Cholistredium perferingene

Question 51

What are the result of the biochemical reactions of the following for cholistreidium perferingene? a- Stormy clot of milk b-Gelatin liquifaction- C- Naglers reaction'

Answer 51

Positive

Question 52

Your patient is a 65-year-old woman who is several days post-op following removal of her carcinoma of the colon. She now spikes ,a fever and has a cough, and chest X-ray shows pneumonia. While being treated with the appropriate antibiotics, she develops severe diarrhea. You suspect she may have pseudomembra-nous colitis. Which one of the following is the best antibiotic to treat the infection? (A) Ceftriaxone (B) Doxycycline (C) Gentamicin (D) Metronidazole (E) 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer 52

Metronidazole

Question 53

Your patient is a 30-vear-old man who was brought to the emergency room following a motorcycle accident in which he sustained a compound fracture of his leg. He now has a high fever and a rapidly spreading cellulitis with crepitus in the area of the fracture. Large gram-positive rods are seen on the exudate. Necrotic tissue was debrided. Which one of the following is the best antibiotic to treat the infection? (A) Azithromycin (B) Ciprofloxacin (C) Gentamicin (D) Penicillin G (E) Vancomycin

Answer 53

Penicillin G or cephalosporin are choice treatment for chostridium perferingene