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Microbiology 🦠🧫🔬 > Gram Positive Bacili 1,2 > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacili 1,2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Gram positive bacilli
Chinese letter arrangement
Club shaped
Appear in clusters joined at the end

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2
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae stains ?

A

Simple stain :Methylene blue
Deferential stain : gram stain

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3
Q

Diphtheria is comment at which site ?

A

Oropharynx
Tonsils

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4
Q

Source of infections in Diphtheria

A

Carrier
Direct contact

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5
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae do not penetrate deep tissue, they multiply at site of entry leading to ?

A

No bacteriemia, produce exotoxin in blood, toxicemia

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6
Q

What strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that can produce exotoxin ?

A

Only strains lysogenized by phage

Strains, that are not lysogenized by phage, do not
produce exotoxin and are non-pathogenic.

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7
Q

Mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin:

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

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8
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Gene for exotoxin is carried on

A

prophage in the bacterial chromosome

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9
Q

The commonest type of diphtheria, transmitted by droplet

A

Tonsillar diphtheria

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10
Q

Conjunctival and skin diphtheria are transmitted by ?

A

Direct contact

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11
Q

Manifestation of nasopharyngeal infection with diphtheria ?

A

Pseudomembranous on tonsils causes difficulty in swallowing

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12
Q

Manifestation of larynx infection with diphtheria ?

A

Respiratory obstruction and suffocation

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13
Q

Patients with Corynebacterium diphtheria infection present with

A

Malaise, sore throat, fever

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14
Q

Manifestation of cutaneous diphtheria ?

A

Ulcer covered with necrotic pseudomembranes

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15
Q

Myocarditis - Periph. Neuritis - Difficult swallowing - Paralysis of arms and legs - Paraysis of eye muscles
Are indication of ?

A

Intoxication with corynebacterium diphtheria

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16
Q

initial diagnosis of diphtheria?

A

Clinical
Antitoxin serum must never be delayed

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17
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria, specimen?

A

Throat, nasopharyngeal or skin swabs.

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18
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria, result of specimen on gram smear stained

A

Gram +ve bacilli, Have Chinese letters
like arrangement , Club shaped

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19
Q

Cultural characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheria of environment

A

Aerobic

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20
Q

Cultural characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheria on lofflers serum

A

At 37 degree
Opaque white Colonies

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21
Q

Cultural characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheria on blood tellurite

A

selective, enriched and differential medium

C.diphtheriae produced grey black colonies

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22
Q

detection of diphtheria toxin is done by ?
Identification of toxogenic corynebacterium diphtheria strains

A

-animal inoculation
-elks test (gel diffusion perciptin test )
-pcr
-Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)

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23
Q

In treatments of diphtheria what is the most critical, must be administered early
because it only neutralizes circulating unbound
toxin and has no effect on toxin already fixed to
cells.

A

Diphtheria antitoxic serum

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24
Q

Antibiotics for diphtheria?

A

Penicillin or erythromycin

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25
Q

Alum precipitated toxoid combination

A

Diphtheria toxiod + tetanus toxiod + pertussis vaccine

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26
Q

Close contacts of a case of diphtheria should
receive ?

A

Booster dose of diphtheria toxiod , cource or erythromycin or a injection of long acting penicillin

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27
Q

Non spore forming Gram positive bacilli
that are spread widely in GIT of animals,
plant, water and soil all are characteristic of ?

A

Listeria

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28
Q

medically important member of listeria ?

A

Listeria monocytogenesis

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29
Q

Listeria monocytogenesis cause?

A

Listriosis

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30
Q

Organisim with tumbling motile?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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31
Q

Listeria monocytogenes culture on blood agar result

A

Narrow zone of beta hemolysis

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32
Q

The pathogenesis of listeria is dependent upon
its ability to invade mononuclear phagocytic
cells and lysis the wall With

A

listeriolysin O

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33
Q

acquired transplacentally ,causes: **abscesses and granulomas in multiple
organs and very frequently results in abortion ,intrauterine fetal death or death after delivery

A

Neonatal lisreosis early onset

34
Q

It is acquired at birth or soon after birth
➢Exposure on vaginal delivery may
result in meningitis or meningo-
encephalitis with sepsis

A

Late onset lisreosis

35
Q

Usually **asymptomatic or results in
**self-resolving flu-like symptoms and/or
**mild gastrointestinal disturbance. Chills
and fever are due to bacteremia

A

Adult listreosis

36
Q

can produce serious illness leading to meningitis,
endocarditis and sepsis.

A

Immunosuppressed and elderly listreosis case

37
Q

Specimen of listreosis?

A

CSF
BLOOD ~bactremia and sepsisemia case

38
Q

Lisreosis culturived on ?

A

Blood agar giving beta hemolysis

39
Q

Treatment in neonatal and adult listreosis?

A

Ampicillin

40
Q

Treatment in cases of meningitis accompanied with listreosis

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or
an aminoglycoside is given in addition
to ampicillin

41
Q

Listeosis primarily caused by ?

A

unpasteurized cheese
** contaminated vegetables
❑The organism can also be transmitted by
contact with animals or their feces

42
Q

What organism contain a polypeptide(D-glutamic acid) capsule?

A

Bacillus anthracis

43
Q

Gram positive spore forming aerobic bacilli arranged in chains non motile

A

Bacillus anthracis

44
Q

principle pathogen of bacillus group ?

A

Bacillus anthracis which causes anthrax

45
Q

pathogenic member of bacillus group causing
food poisoning.

A

B.cereus

46
Q

Humans are infected by spores on animal products
such as wool or by contact with sick animals.

A

Anthrax

47
Q

In cases like Cutaneous anthrax, bacillus anthrax are transmitted by?

A

Portals of entry are skin

48
Q

In cases like inhlation anthrax, bacillus anthrax are transmitted by?

A

Respiratory tract

49
Q

In cases like intestinal anthrax, bacillus anthrax are transmitted by?

A

Ingestion

50
Q

Zoonosis diseases

A

-Anthrax
-Listerosis

51
Q

protects the organism from phagocytosis

A

Capsule

52
Q

Anthrax toxin is considered?

A

Exotoxin

53
Q

Anthrax toxin contains three separate proteins?

A

Edema factor (EF)
Protective antigen (PA)
Lethal factor (LF)

54
Q

Infection occurs through handling infected material
through skin abrasions

A

Cutaneous Anthrax: (Malignant pustule)

55
Q

Occurs in wool sorter’s due to inhalation of spores
sticking to wool.

A

Inhalation anthrax (wool sorter’s disease)

56
Q

occurs due to eating infected meat of infected
animals containing spores. The spores germinate and
the organism multiplies in the intestine producing
bloody diarrhea.
Spread by blood and lymphatics produces septicemia.

A

Intestinal anthrax

57
Q

What bacillus anthrax form in vivo ?

A

In vivo, they form capsule. When stained with
polychrome methylene blue, the capsule appears
as pink rim around the blue bacillus (McFadyean
reaction).

58
Q

What bacillus anthrax form in vitro

A

❑In vitro, they form spores. The spores are central,
ovoid, not stained with Gram. However, the
spores could be stained with acid fast spore stain.

59
Q

Culture of bacillus anthrax?

A

Nutrition agar
Blood agar non hemolytic

60
Q

McFadyean reaction result in ?

A

capsule appears
as pink rim around the blue bacillus

61
Q

Spores stained with

A

acid fast spore stain

62
Q

Spores are not stained with?

A

Gram stain

63
Q

Bacillus cerus cause Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised
patients like?

A

endocarditis, meningitis and post-
traumatic endophthalmitis

64
Q

Bacillus cereus produces two enterotoxins are ?

A

Cholera like enterotoxin, watery diarrhea
Staphylococci like enterotoxin, superantigen

65
Q

short incubation period (4 hours) and consists primarily of nausea and vomiting, similar to staphylococcal food poisoning.

A

Syndrome of bacillus cereus

66
Q

long incubation period (18 hours) and features watery, nonbloody diarrhea.

A

Syndrome of bacillus cereus

67
Q

Treatment of bacillus cereus

A

Only symptomatic treatment is given.

68
Q

A 7-year-old girl who recently immigrated to the United States from Africa is brought to her primary care physician because of a sore throat and fever of 38.3°C Physical examination reveals a grayish membrane covering her pharynx as well as cervical lymphadenopathy.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Diphtheria.
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C. Botulism.
D. Tetanus

A

Diphtheria.

69
Q

The mother of a 1-week-old girl calls her pediatrician because the infant has been fussy all morning. The infant’s temperature is 39°C and the mother is asked to bring the infant to the hospital for further workup and treatment. The workup includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, hematology studies, and cultures. Empiric antibiotic therapy is initiated. Later, upon microscopic examination of the CSF, microorganisms with tumbling motility are visualized.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Listerosis meningitis

70
Q

The mother of a 1-week-old girl calls her pediatrician because the infant has been fussy all morning. The infant’s temperature is 39°C and the mother is asked to bring the infant to the hospital for further workup and treatment. The workup includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, hematology studies, and cultures. Empiric antibiotic therapy is initiated. Later, upon microscopic examination of the CSF, microorganisms with tumbling motility are visualized.

Describe the morphology of the organism by Gram stained film

A

Gram positive bacilli

71
Q

A local craftsman who makes garments from the hides of goats visits his physician because over the past few days he has developed several black lesions on his hands and arms .The lesions are not painful, but he is alarmed by their appearance. He is afebrile and his physical examination
is
unremarkable.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Tinea corporis
B. Cutaneus plague
C. Cutaneus anthrax.
D. Staphylococcal carbuncle

A

Cutaneus anthrax.

72
Q

Disease caused by which one of the following bacteria is prevented by a toxoid vaccine?
(A) Bacteroides fragilis
(B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(C) Neisseria meningitidis
(D) Salmonella typhi
(E) Vibrio cholerae

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

73
Q

causes meningitis and sepsis in newborns, pregnant women, and immunosuppressed adults. It also causes outbreaks of febrile gastroenteritis. It is a major cause of concern for the food industry.

A

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

74
Q

Which one of the following is a club-shaped, gram-positive rod that causes disease by producing an exotoxin that kills cells by inhibiting elongation factor-2, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis?
(A) Bacillus anthracis
(B) Bacillus cereus
(C) Clostridium perfringens
(D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(E) Listeria monocytogenes

A

D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

75
Q

Which one of the following is a large gram-positive rod that causes necrosis of tissue by producing an exotoxin that degrades lecithin, resulting in the lysis of cell membranes?
(A) Bacillus anthracis
(B) Bacillus cereus u
(C) Clostridium perfringens
(D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(E) Listeria monocytogenes

A

Clostridium perfringens

76
Q

Which one of the following sets of bacteria causes disease characterized by a pseudomembrane?
(A) Bacillus anthracis and Listeria monocytogenes
(B) Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens
(C) Bacillus cereus and Clostridium tetani
(D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium difficile
(E) Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Listeria monocytogenes

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium difficile

77
Q

Disease caused by which one of the following sets of bacteria can be prevented by a toxoid vaccine?
A Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum
(B) Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus and Clostridtum tetant
(D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani
(E) Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Listeria monocytogenes

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani

78
Q

Your patient in the pediatric intensive care unit is a 2-week-old boy with a high fever and the signs of meningitis. Gram stain of the spinal fluid reveals small gram-positive rods. Colonies on blood agar show a narrow zone of B-hemolysis. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of his neonatal meningitis?
(A) Bacillus anthracis
[k) Bacillus cereus
(C) Clostridium perfringens
(D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(E) Listeria monocytogenes

A

Listeria monocytogenes

79
Q

Best treatment for Listeria monocytogenes

A

‘Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

80
Q

Your patient is a 30-vear-old man with a 2-cm lesion on his arm.
It began as a painless papule that enlarged and, within a few days. ulcerated and formed a black crust (eschar). He works in an abattoir where his job is removing the hide from the cattle. A Gram stain of fluid from the lesion reveals large gram-positive rods.
Which one of the following bacteria is likely to be the cause?
(A) Bacillus anthracis
(k) Clostridium botulinum
(C) Clostridium perfringens
(D) Clostridium tetani
(E) Listeria monocytogenes

A

Bacillus anthracis

81
Q

Your patient is a 30-vear-old man who was brought to the emergency room following a motorcycle accident in which he sustained a compound fracture of his leg. He now has a high fever and a rapidly spreading cellulitis with crepitus in the area of the fracture. Large gram-positive rods are seen on the exudate.
Necrotic tissue was debrided. Which one of the following is the best antibiotic to treat the infection?
(A) Azithromycin
(B) Ciprofloxacin
(C) Gentamicin
(D) Penicillin G
(E) Vancomycin

A

Penicillin G

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