Gram-positive Flashcards
Titer to document antecedent skin infection in strep pyogenes infection
Anti-DNAse B
Gram positive cocci in chains Beta hemolytic Bacitracin-SENSITIVE positive PYR Lancefield A
Streptococcus pyogenes
Titer to detect antecedent pharyngitis in strep pyogenes infection
Anti-streptolysin O (ASO)
DOC streptococcus pyogenes
Penicillin G
Spreading factor
Hyaluronidase
Protease that rapidly destroys tissue in strep pyogenes infection?
Pyogenic skin and soft tissue infection that it causes?
Exotoxin B
Necrotizing fasciitis
Peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscess
Quincy
Disease presenting with fever, strawberry tongue, centrifugal rash (sandpaper like), pastia’s lines, desquamation?
Etiologic agent?
Scarlet fever.
Strep pyogenes.
Test for susceptibility of scarlet fever
Dick test
Jones criteria (5)
Migratory polyarthritis, pancarditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, Sydenham’s chorea
MN: J-O-N-E-S (joints, oh my heart, nodules, erythema, Sydenham)
DOC: Glomerulonephritis (post-pharyngeal/post-impetigo
Penicillin G, penicillin v (oral)
DOC: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)
Penicillin G
Gram positive cocci Beta-hemolytic Bacitracin-RESISTANT CAMP test POSITIVE Lancefield group B
Grown using the LIM broth
Strep agalactiae (group B strep)
Rapid test to screen for GBS in neonates and pregnant women
LIM broth
MCC Neonatal Sepsis
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)
Gram positive cocci in chains Catalase-negative Gamma colonies Lancefield group D Positive PYR test
Hydrolyzes ESCULIN in bile-Esculin agar (BEA)
Group D strep (enterococcus faecalis)
Type of endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy (colorectal or pancreatic ca) due to Streptococcus bovis
Marantic
Patients who underwent GIT surgery are prone to endocarditis due to?
Enterococcus faecalis
DOC Strep pneumoniae
Penicillin G
Gram positive diplococci or short chains Lancet-shaped Alpha hemolytic Sensitive to bile and optochin Prominent polysaccharide capsule
Strep pneumoniae
Positive QUELLUNG reaction
Tests for capsular swelling
Strep pneumoniae
Encapsulated bacteria
Strep pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenza
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, Group B strep
Most common cause of CAP
Strep pneumoniae
Most common cause of:
Otitis media (children)
Meningitis (elderly)
Bacterial sinusitis (general)
Strep pneumoniae
Congenital absence of the spleen
IVEMARK syndrome
Gram positive cocci in chains
Alpha hemolytic
Catalase negative
Bile and optochin RESISTANT
Viridans streptococci (strep mutans, strep sanguis)
Most common cause of subacute and native valve endocarditis
Strep sanguis (type of viridans)
Spore forming
gram positive rods
Aerobic
NON-motile
Bacillus anthracis
Unique morphology of bacillus anthracis (2)
Medusa head morphology
Box car shaped
Chinese fried rice syndrome
Bacillus cereus
Aerobic
Spore forming
Gram positive
Motile
Bacillus cereus
Anaerobic
Gram positive
Spore forming rod
Lollipop/tennis-racket-like
Clostridium tetani
Spastic paralysis
Clostridium tetani
Flaccid paralysis
Clostridium botulinum
Chinese characters
Non motile
Non spore forming
Gram positive
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Tumbling motility
Gram positive
Non spore forming
Listeria monocytogenes
Psedomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Pseudomembranous esophagitis
Candida albicans
Spore forming Gram positive rods Anaerobic Lecithinase gas forming Double hemolysis
Clostridium perfringens
Infections where most common cause of mortality is PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE (3)
Inhalational anthrax
Congenital syphillis
Weil’s syndrome (severe leptospirosis)
DOC Cutaneous anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
Woolsorter’s disease
Bacillus anthracis
Malignant pustule with Escher and central necrosis
Mortality 20%
Cutaneous anthrax
Bacteriostatic drug that becomes CIDAL when given in high doses
Clindamycin
DOC clostridium tetani
Penicillin
Passive immunization: ATS
Vaccination: tetanus toxoid (childhood + every 10 years)
Bulbar signs of food borne botulism (4)
Diplopia
Dysphonia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Triad of botulism
Symmetric descending FLACCID paralysis (prominent bulbar involvement)
ABSENCE of fever
Intact sensorium
Infant botulism
Floppy baby syndrome
Egg yolk agar
Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
Due to alpha toxin
DOC Clostridium difficile
ORAL Metronidazole
ORAL Vancomycin
Oral = poor absorption in blood, stays in the colon longer
Comma/club shaped
Chinese character like
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Aerobic
Non spore forming
Non motile
Gram positive
Babes Ernst granules/voluminous granules/metachromatic granules
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Telluride plate
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Modified elek test
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Bull neck
Corynebacterium diptheriae
DOC Listeria monocytogenes
Ampilcillin (with or w/o gantamicin)
cephalosporins are INEFFECTIVE
Tumbling motility
Listeria monocytogenes
Cold enhancement (paradoxical growth in cold temp)
Listeria monocytogenes
Unpasteurized milk products
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram positive cocci
Grape like clusters
Staph aureus
Agar used for diagnosis of S. aureus
Mannitol salts
Golden color of S. aureus is due to
Staohyloxanthin
MCC acute endocarditis
S. aureus (usually tricuspid valve in IV dug users)
Sequestered focus of osteomyelitis arising in the metaphysical area of a long bone due to S. aureus infection
Brodie abscess
Ritter disease
Scalded skin syndrome sec. to S. aureus
DOC Staph epidermidis
Vancomycin
