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Bacteriology > Gram Positive > Flashcards

Gram Positive Flashcards

1
Q

Toxins of Gram-positive organisms

A

Exotoxin

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2
Q

Toxins of Gram-negative organisms

A

Endotoxin

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3
Q

Virulence factor of S.aureus responsible for Toxic shock syndrome

A

Pyrogenic exotoxin C

  • are called superantigens they bind to MHC class II mediating T-cell response.
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4
Q

Main virulence factor of S.aureus

A

Coagulase

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5
Q

VF of S.aureus responsible for resistance to beta-lactams

A

Beta-lactamase/Penicillinase

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6
Q

Toxic to WBC’s, responsible for causing MRSA/ORSA

A

Panton valentine leukocidine (PVL)

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7
Q

Enterotoxin

A

causes food poisoning

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8
Q

VF responsible for Scalded Skin syndrome/ Ritter’s disease caused by S.aureus infection

A

Exfoliative toxin

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9
Q

The initial presumptive identification for all gram (+) cocci

A

Gram staining

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10
Q

Characteristics in gram stain:

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Micrococcus

A

Staph: pinhead- cocci in clusters
Strep: pinpoint- cocci in chains
Micro: cocci in tetrads

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11
Q

produces a “yellow-pigmented” beta-hemolytic colonies in 5% BAP

A

S. aureus

aureus= “golden”

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12
Q

True/False:

I. S. aureus is capable of fermenting mannitol
II. It grows in high salt concentrations

A

Both are TRUE

S. aureus produces “yellow-halo” in mannitol salt agar which contains:

(✓) ferments mannitol
(✓) 10% salt conc.
(✓) phenol red

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13
Q

Media used to enhance pigmentation of staphylococcus

A

Loeffler’s serum slant

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14
Q

Characteristics in Loeffler’s serum slant:

S. aureus
S. citreus
S. albus
C. diptheriae

A

SA: golden yellow
SC: lemon yellow
SAL: porcelain white “albino”
CD: metachromatic granules

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15
Q

Reagent used in catalase test for Staphylococci

A

3% H2O2

15% - Anaerobe
30$- N. gonorrheae & Mycobacterium

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16
Q

Positive result for Modified Oxidase test

A

Blue color within 2 minutes

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17
Q

A selective and differential media for the identification of MRSA

A

Chrom Agar

MRSA: mauve colored colonies

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18
Q

the gene responsible for the resistance of S.aureus to beta-lactams

*methicilin
* nafcillin
* oxacillin

A

mecA gene

  • which encodes for PBP 2a
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19
Q

gold standard for MRSA detection

A

PCR

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20
Q

how to differentiate S.haemolyticus
and S.aureus

A

Coagulase

  • both are beta-hemolytic but S.haemolyticus is coagulase (-)
21
Q

Commonly associated with the implantation of medical devices or prosthetic heart valves

A

S.epidermidis

22
Q

S. aureus vs CONS

A

Coagulase tets

23
Q

Staphylococcus & Micrococcus vs Streptococcus

A

Catalase test

24
Q

Test used to differentiate S. aureus and S. intermedius

A

VP test

  • S.aureus: PYR (-) & VP (+)
    *is capable of producing acetoin

S. intermedius: PYR (+) & VP (-)

25
Q

DOC for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

26
Q

S. epidermidis vs S. saphrophyticus

A

Novobiocin test

S. epidermidis: (S)
S. saphrophyticus: (R)

27
Q

Most common cause of UTI among sexually active young females

A

S. saphrophyticus

28
Q

Causes pyelonephritis and cystitis in those with “indwelling catheter”

A

S. saphrophyticus

29
Q

Flesh eating bacteria

A

S.pyogenes

30
Q

major Vf of Group A streptococcus which mimics heart antigen

A

M protein

31
Q

Group A streptococcus VF which causes scarlet fever

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPEs)

32
Q

Strawberry tongue is a classical manifestation of ______ which is caused by _______

A

Scarlet fever – Group A strep/ S.pyogenes

33
Q

Smells like “butterscotch” on Chocolate agar (CA)

A

Viridans group

34
Q

Skin tests:

S. pyogenes
S.pneumoniae
C. diptheriae

A

SP: Dicks test
SPN: Francis test
CD: Shick test

35
Q

Smith and Brown classification is based on

A

hemolytic pattern

36
Q

Most common cause of newborn meningitis

A

S.agalactiae

Group B- baby (common in newborn)
pneumonia in 0-2 month old px.

37
Q

Media that contains antimicrobials which suppresses growth of other organisms that normally in vaginal flora

A

Todd-Hewitt broth

38
Q

Reagent used in Hippurate hydrolysis test

A

Reagent: Ninhydrin
(+): Purple color

  • for S. agalactiae
39
Q

Organisms that tests (+) for PYR hydrolysis

A

S.pyogenes & enterococcus

40
Q

Diseases that may be caused by S.pyogenes

A

-Strep throat
- Scarlet fever/ Scarlatina
- Rheumatic fever
- Strep TSS
- Erysipelas
- NF/ Galloping gangrene

41
Q

Gas gangrene
Galloping gangrene

A

Gas: C. perfringens
galloping: S. pyogenes

42
Q

Inverted pine tree
Inverted Christmas tree
Test tube brush appearance

A

Pine: B. anthracis
Christmas: L.monocytogenes
Test tube: E. rhusiopathiae

43
Q

Anthrax:

most common- least severe
most severe- least common

A

most common- least severe: Cutaneous
most severe- least common: Intestinal

44
Q

BB contaminants

A

S. epidermidis
B. cereus

45
Q

Characteristics of Bacillus spp.

A

Lecithinase (+)
Produce acid from GSM

46
Q

Causes eye infection associated w/ trauma
Causes eye infection associated w/ HEROIN addict

A

EI in trauma: B.cereus
EI in heroin: B.subtillis

47
Q

Agent of Bioterrorism

A

B. anthracis

48
Q

Source of bacitracin

A

B. subtillis

Bacteriology (5 decks)

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