Gram-negative Rods and Sepsis Flashcards
clinical signs of _____ included:
Fever > 38 or < 36
Leukocytosis or leukopenia or > 10% band cells
elevated heart rate or elevated respiratory rate
- systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
SIRS + infection =
- sepsis
SIRS + low BP that is correctable by administration of fluids is
- severe sepsis
SIRS + persistent hypotension that needs drugs to increase vascular tone is
- septic shock
SIRS + persistent hypotension leading to:
- clotting disorders
- renal, hepatic or cardiac failure
- cognitive impairment
- accumulation of metabolic products
- multiorgan dysfunction syndrome
what organism causes most sepsis
- bacteria
microbial triggers of SIRS
- lipid (part of LPS in gram negatives)
- lipotechoic acid (gram positives) and peptidoglycan
- bacterial toxins
most likely mediator of SIRS in sepsis
- neutrophil
innate immune system recognizes these cells
these factors are recognized by
- PAMPs (pathogen-associated)
- DAMPs (host factors)
- pattern recognition receptors
gram negatives associated with sepsis in hospital settings
- E. coli
- P. aeruginosa
- A. Baumannii
- K. pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa found in
- soil and water
P. aeruginosa produces ____ which form
- pyoverdin and pyocyanin pigments
- form distinctive blue-green colonies
P. aeruginosa odor with infected wounds
- fruity, sweet odor
P. aeruginosa produce ___ in CF lungs which gives rise to
- polysaccharide alginate
- gives rise to mucoid colonies
P. aeruginosa have ______ defects with render the organisms sensitive to ________
- LPS defects
- sensitive to complement
risk factors for P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection
- immunocompromised (neutropenia, diabetes, immunodeficiency)
- burns
- indwelling medical devices
what is important in the biofilm for antibiotics and host immune response resistance
- extracellular polysaccharide production
P. aeruginosa antibiotics resistance of concern
- aminoglycosides
- cephalosporins
- fluoroquinolones
- carbapenems
A. baumannii found
- soil and water
A. baumannii shape
- coccobacilli or cocci
K. pneumoniae found
- colonizers of GI tract
K. pneumoniae notorious collector of
- drug resistance plasmids
K. pneumoniae structures
- composed of large polysaccharide capsule
part of K. pneumoniae that makes it resistance to antibiotics
- Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase
