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First Aid Micro > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria

A

grow pink colonies on MacConkey’s agar
“Test with macConKEE’S agar”
Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia
(Lactorse is KEE)

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2
Q

Neisseria

A

Gram Negative diplococci
Ferment glucose and prduce IgA protease (SHiN)

MeninGococci ferment Maltose and Glucose, polysaccharide capsule, vaccine, resp and oral secretions, causes meningococcemia, meningitis and Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Px - Rifampin
Tx - Ceftriazone, Pen G

Gonococci ferment Glucose, STI, causes Gonorrhea, septic arthritis, PID, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syn
Cultured on VPN media
Tx - Ceftriaxone

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3
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

small gram negative Coccoid Rod
haEMOPhilus causes Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia.
Aerosal transmission
Type B - Encapsulated, IgA Protease (SHiN)
Cultured on Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
“When a child has the flu mom goes to the Five and Dime store to buy some Chocolate” (doesn’t cause the flu)
Tx- Ceftriaxone
Px - Rifampin

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4
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Gram negative rod. Silver Stain. Grows on Charcoal Yeast extract with Iron and Cysteine. Aerosol transmission. Detected by presence of antigen in urine.
Legionnaires’ Dz - sever pneumonia and fever
Pontiac Fever - flulike syndrome
Nosocomial with when water source is involved

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5
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Aerobic Gram Negative Rod. Non-lactose fermenter. Oxidase +. Blue-green Pigment (pyocyanin).
Endotoxin (fever, shock)
Exotoxin A (inact EF2)
PSEUDOmonas is assoc with wound and burn infxns, Pneumonia (CF), Sepsis, External otitis (swimmer’s ear), UTI, Drug use, Diabetic Osteomyletis, and hot tub folliculitis.
Nosocomial with respiratory therapy equipment

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6
Q

E. coli

A

Fimbriae - cystitis, pyelonephritis
K capsule - pneumonia, neonatal meningitis
LPS endotoxin - septic shock
EIEC, ETEC, EPEC, EHEC

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7
Q

EIEC

A

Invasive -> Dysentery
Invades intestinal mucosa and causes necrosis and inflamm
clinically similar to Shigella

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8
Q

ETEC

A

Traveler’s Diarrhea (Watery)
Labile Toxin/Stable Toxin
No inflamm or invasion

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9
Q

EPEC

A

Pediatric Diarrhea

No toxin. Adheres to apical surface, flattens villi, prevents absorption

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10
Q

EHEC

A

Does not ferment sorbitol
Dysentery
O157:H7 is most common
Shiga-Like toxin -> Hemoyltic-uremic syndrome (1.anemia 2.thrombocytopenia 3.acute renal failure)

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11
Q

Klebsiella

A 
Fast Lactose fermenting rod
Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated.
Red Currant Jelly sputum
4A's
Aspiration pneumonia
Abscess in lungs and Liver
Alcoholics
diAbetics
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12
Q

Salmonella & Shigella

A

Non-Lactose Fermenting, Oxidase negative, rods that invade intestinal mucosa and cause bloody diarrhea
Salmonella have flagella, disseminate hematogenously, animal reservoir, produce H2S (Antibiotics lengthen illness)
Salmonella typhi - typhoid fever with rose spots on abdomen, fever, headache, and diarrhea
Shigella are more virulent (ow ID50), no flagella but use actin polymerization to propel (Antibiotics shorten illness)

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13
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Oxidase +, comma shaped, grown at 42oC (hot)
Major cause of Bloody Diarrhea, Guillain-Barre syndrome
Fecal-Oral thru poultry, meat, unpast milk.

“Campylobacter likes the hot campfire”

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14
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Oxidase +, comma shaped, grown in alkaline media
Rice-water Diarrhea via Cholera toxin (act Gs)
Endemic to developing countries
Prompt oral rehydration is necessary

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15
Q

Yersinia entercolitica

A 
Mesenteric adenitis (mimics Crohn's or appendicitis)
Diarrhea outbreaks in daycare centers
Transmitted thru pet feces, contaminated milk, pork
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16
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Non-Lactose fermenting, oxidase +, urease + rod
Creates alkaline environment
Gastritis and duodenal ulcers (90%)
RF for peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma
Triple Therapy - PPI (prazoles), Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin/Metronidazole

17
Q

Spirochetes

A 
spiral-shaped with axial filaments
BLT. B is Big.
Borrelia - only one visible with aniline dyes (Giemsa stain)
Leptospira
Treponema - dark-field microscopy
18
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

Found in water contaminated with animal urine.
Flulike symptons, jaundice, photophobia with conjunctivitis (surfers in the tropics).
Weil’s Dz (icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis) - sever jaundice, azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn, fever, hemorrhage, anemia

19
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

A

Lyme Dz
transmitted by the tick Ixodes (mice, deer)
Stage 1 - erythema chronicum migrans (expanding bulls-eye rash), flulike
Stage 2 - neurologic (Bell’s palsy) and cardiac (AV nodal block)
Stage 3 - Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
“BAKE a key Lyme pie”
Bell’s palsy (bilateral). Arthritis, Kardiac block, Erythema migrans
Tx - Doxycycline, Ceftriaxone

20
Q

Treponema Pallidum

A

Syphilis
Primary - painless chancre
Secondary (Systemic) - disseminated with rash on palms and soles, condylomata lata. Can be visualized with darkfield
Tertiary - Gummas (chronic granulomas), aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction), neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis), Argyll Robertson pupil
Signs - broad-based ataxia, + Romberg, Charcot joint, Stroke without HTN
Screen with VDRL and confirm with FTA-ABS
Congenital - Saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson’s teeth, mulberry molars

21
Q

Gardenella vaginalis

A

Pleomorphic Gram-Variable Rod
Vaginosis with nonpainful gray vaginal discharge with fishy smell (clue cells)
Mobiluncus (anaerobe) is also involved
Not an STD, but assoc with sex
Tx - Metronidazole
“I don’t have a CLUE why I smell FISH in the VAGINA GARDEN!”

22
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Pleomorphic, Obligate intracellular (need CoA and NAD+)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - rash (starts on wrists and ankles and migrates inward and outward), headache, fever
Endemic to East Coast

23
Q

Rickettsia typhi & prowazekii

A

Pleomorphic, Obligate intracellular (need CoA and NAD+)
Typhus Rash starts on Trunk and spread out (no palm or sole involvement)
typhi - endemic with fleas
prowazekii - epidemic with human body louse

24
Q

Ehrlichiosis & Anaplasmosis

A

Tick Borne -> No Rash
Ehrlichiosis - granuloctyes with berry cluster organisms
Anaplasmosis - granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm

25
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols. No arthropod vector.
Q Fever - presents as pneumonia
Q Fever is Queer bc it has no rash, no vector, no Weil-Felix rxn, no Rickettsia name, and can survive outside
Tx - Doxycyline

26
Q

you drive CARS using your palms and soles

A

Palm and sole rash is seen in Coxsackievirus A infxn (hand, foot, and mouth dz)
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Syphilis

27
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Obligate intracellular organism (can’t make own ATP) Pleomorphic
Mucosal infxns
1. Elemental Body is Enfectious and Enters cells vie Endocytosis
2. Reticulate Body Replicates in cell by fission
Dx - cytoplasmic inclusions on Giemsa stain
Tx - Azithromycin or doxycycline

28
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Obligate intracellular
Types A,B,C - chronic infxns cause blindness due to follicular conjuctivitis in Africa (ABC = Africa/Blindness/Chronic)
Types D-K - urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough), neonatal conjunctivitis (neonates acquire dz thru passage of infected birth canal)
Types L1,L2,L3 - lymphogranuloma venereum

29
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae & psittaci

A

Obligate intracellular
Atypical pneumonia, transmitted by aerosol
C. psittaci - notable for an avian reservoir

30
Q

Mycoplasma penumoniae

A

No Cell Wall. Not seen on Gram Stain. Only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol. Grown on Eaton’s agar
Atypical “walking” pneumonia - insidious onset, headache, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Most common in < 30 yo, military recruits, prisons
X-ray looks worse than patient, high titer cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs.
Tx - tetracycline, erythromycin (pen-res bc no cell wall)

First Aid Micro (8 decks)

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