Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards
What is the Structure of the Gram Positive Bacteria
Wall?
A thick peptidoglycan wall which stains purple on gram staining as it retains the dye very well.
Only 1 membrane: Cytoplasmic Membrane
Also contains Polysaccharides.
What is the Structure of the Gram Negative Bacteria Wall?
A thin Peptidoglycan wall which stains pink as it does not retain the dye as well in gram staining.
Has 2 Membranes: Outer Membrane and Inner Cytoplasmic Membrane.
Also contains Lipopolysaccharides and Porins.
What are Aerobes?
Bacteria which grow in Oxygen-Rich environments
What are Anaerobes?
Bacteria which grow in Oxygen-Void environments
What is the difference between a Strict Aerobe and an Aerobe?
Aerobes can switch to Anaerobic Respiration in the absence of oxygen.
Strict Aerobes die.
What is the difference between a Strict Anaerobe and an Anaerobe?
Anaerobes can still grow in the presence of oxygen (although not as well)
Strict Anaerobes die in the presence of oxygen.
Give examples of Strict Aerobe Bacilli
Legionella species
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Give examples of Aerobic Cocci
Neisseria Gonorrhoea
Neisseria Meningitis
How are Gram Negative Aerobic Bacilli divided?
Small Bacilli and Large Bacilli
Give examples of Small Aerobic Bacilli
Bordetella Pertussis (causes Whooping Cough) H. Influenzae
Give examples of Large Aerobic Bacilli (Coliforms)
E.coli Klebsiella species Proteus species Salmonella species Shigella species E.coli 0157
Which Coliforms are Gut Commensals?
E.coli
Klebsiella species
Proteus species
Which Coliforms are Gut Pathogens?
Salmonella species
Shigella species
E.coli 0157
What are Microaerophilic Bacteria?
What shape are they?
These bacteria need oxygen for respiration but can die from oxygen poisoning if oxygen levels get too high (extremely sensitive).
Bacilli shaped.
Give an example of a Microaerophilic Small Curved Bacilli
Campylobacter species
Give an example of a Microaerophilic Spiral Bacilli
Helicobacter species
Give an example of Strict Anaerobic Bacilli
Bacteroides
Another gut commensal but can also cause wound infection
How are Spiral-Shaped Bacteria Categorised?
Spirochete (longer and more flexible due to flagellum component)
Spirilla (shorter and more rigid)
Give examples of Spirochete Bacteria
Leptospira
Borrelia
Spirochaeta
What Gram Negative Bacteria make up the Enterobacteriaceae family?
E.coli species and other Coliforms
Pseudomonas species
Haemophilus species
What Agar is used for Haemophilus?
Chocolate Agar
What Gram Negative Bacteria is associated with Lukewarm Aerolised Water and Spain?
Legionella species
Common in Male Smokers, COPD Sufferers and Diabetics
What Gram Negative Bacteria are commonly encountered in Sepsis?
Klebsiella species Enterobacter species Pseudomonas species Neisseria Meningitis E.coli 0157
How is Pseudomonas Aeruginosa treated?
Gentamicin
Long-term Ceftazidime or Cefepime if resistant to Gentamicin
