Gram negative bacteria

Question 1

Family: Enterobacteriaceae

Answer 1

Escherichia, Salmonella, Yersinia, Shigella

Question 2

E. coli

Answer 2

enteritis, septicemia (edema dz), toxemia, UTI (opportunistic), mastitis

wound infection with fecal exposure

part of normal gut flora (overpopulated when cause dz)

endotoxin target- mucosal epithelial cells

VACCINE- cattle and swine; abx use controversial

Question 3

Salmonella enterica

Answer 3

enteritis, diarrhea, septicemia, toxemia, pneumonia, fowl typhoid

Multiple abx resistance; fluid/electrolyte balance

Question 4

Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. psuedotuberculosis

Answer 4

enteritis, septicemia, plague

lymphadenitis

Y. psuedotub. - LN swollen, septicemia, plague, fleas, wild rodent bite

coagulation due to plague, DIC, hemorrhage

Question 5

Shigella

Answer 5

enteritis, septicemia in primates

fecal-oral - diarrheal

Question 6

Pasturella and Bibersteinia

Answer 6

Wound infections, atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia, fowl cholera (normal resp tract that gets somewhere else)

susceptible to being dried out

Abx, VACCINE for cows, bacterin for pregnant sows

Question 7

Mannheimia (pasteurella family)

Answer 7

shipping fever

Question 8

Actinobacillus

Answer 8

wooden tongue (spreading granuloma), pneumonia!!, septicemia (neonate), wound infections

normal flora transferred to secondary site

abx, VACCINE for pigs

Question 9

Haemophilus

Answer 9

H. suis (pigs): pneumonia, septicemia with neuro signs, Glasser’s dz: polyserositis, respiratory (kidney petechia, peritonitis, pericarditis)

H. felis (cats): conjunctivitis, cystitis, septicemia (oral to eye)

abx, vaccine for flocks

Question 10

Histophilus somni

Answer 10

Cows and goats: septicemia, pneumonia, abortion, mastitis, meningoencephalitis, TEME, respiratory

depressive effects on CNS- sleepiness

VACCINE for calves, feedlot cattle - not routine

Question 11

Bordetella avium

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Answer 11

Upper respiratory complex, coryza (turkey)
- complexed with parainfluenza, herpesvirus, etc

Tracheobronchitis, bronchopneumonia, atrophic (erosion of mucosal surface) rhinitis (pigs)

VACCINE- cats and dogs

Question 12

Francisella tularensis

Answer 12

Tularemia: lyphadenopathy and septicemia
-severe inflammation of circulatory endothelial cells from endotoxin exposure (wild mice, rats)

widespread effects on body, bioterrorism threat

limit exposure to vectors (biting ticks/flies)

Question 13

Moraxella bovis

Answer 13

Pink eye conjunctivitis

keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulcer, panophthalmitis

Spray, sew shut

VACCINE

Question 14

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 14

Multiple opportunistic infections

moist, in tropical environments

distinct smell

dogs/cats- otitis externa, lower UTI, pyoderma

Cows- mastitis

Horse- metritis, keratoconjunctivitis

Multi-drug resistant

Question 15

Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia psuedomallei

Answer 15

glanders (systemic, reactive LN, granulomas develop like Strangles)- horses

B. psuedomallei- melioidosis (like glanders, multiple species susceptible (iguana)

water/wet dwelling

txt: cull, or tetracycline

Question 16

Taylorella equigenitalis

Answer 16

Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)

Purulent discharge

Topical antisepsis and antimicrobial

Import into USA: stallion quarantine and mare testing

Question 17

Brucella

Answer 17

Living in macrophage ; resistant to phagocytosis

B. abortus- cattle (zoonotic)
B. canis- zoonotic
B. melitensis- broad host range, most likely for humans to obtain
B. ovis- sheep
B. suis- pig

abortion, osteomyelitis, epididymus, necrotizing bursitis in horses, uveitis; neurologic

VACCINE- cows

Question 18

Campylobacter

Answer 18

C. fetus fetus- sheep; placentitis, late term abortion

C. fetus venerealis - cattle; early stage abortion (silent) endometritis, extended estrus cycle

C. jejuni in monogastrics- gastroenteritis

VACCINE - cattle, sheep

Question 19

Brachyspira

Answer 19

diarrheal diseases: dogs, swine (dysentery), avian

strawberry colored diarrhea

Question 20

Lawsonia

Answer 20

L. intracellularis

intracellular, in microvilli

dogs, horses, pigs, birds, deer, rabbits- proliferative enteritis; “wet tail” (30% of dx cases in swine)

VACCINE- swine

Question 21

Helicobacter

Answer 21

tons in normal, healthy animals

Dogs, pigs: gastritis

• normally lives in mucosa of stomach not in lumen
• not usually primary cause of disease

Sheep: placentitis, abortion, fetal hepatic necrosis

Avinan “vibrionic hepatitis”

Question 22

Borrelia

Answer 22

B. anserina- bird related
B. burgdorferi

rodents- natural reservoir; transmitted by ticks

Dog, cow, horse: Lyme lymphadenopathy, arthritis, carditis, nephritis

Bird: diarrhea, splenomegaly, “avian spirochetosis”

Tick control. VACCINE for dogs

Question 23

Leptospira

Answer 23

Dog: septicemia, hepatic, renal disease; VACCINE
Cow: late term abortion, infertility, hemoglobinuria, anemia; VACCINE
Sheep: abortion, infertility
Horse: abortion, ophthalmia (moon blindness)
Pigs: septicemia, abortion, infertility

urine-contaminated water

Question 24

Anaerobes

Answer 24

Bacteroides, Dichelobacter, Fusobacterium

abundant in gut and feces (facultative aerobics)

Abscesses, footrot, draining tracts, podo/interdigital dermatitis

drain abscess, hoof trim, topical abx, isolation