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Microbiology Test 3 > Gram negative bacilli > Flashcards

Gram negative bacilli Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the cell wall/membrane antigens associated with gram negative bacteria

A

O=cell wall antigen
H=flagella antigen
K= capsule antigen
Endotoxin= Lipid A

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2
Q

Describe Vibrio cholerae in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission rout

A

Morphology= G negative curved/comma shaped bacillus

Virulence= cholera toxin

Illness= massive diarrhea “rice water stools” caused by cholera toxin, minimal to no blood because bacteria are noninvasive (stay in intestine)

Transmission: ingestion of bacteria, mainly in tropical asia/india, africa, s. america

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3
Q

True or false few organisms are needed to be ingested to cause cholera

A

False= must ingest large # of bacteria to cause cholera

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4
Q

What is the treatment for cholera

A

Replacement of fluids via balanced IVF’s or oral glucose/electrolyte replacement

only use Abx for severely compromised pts

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5
Q

Describe Vibrio parahaemolyticus in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission route

A

Morphology= G negative curved/comma shaped bacillus

Illness= mild gastroenteritis

transmission= shellfish in Asian pacific costal waters, rare in US

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6
Q

Describe Vibrio vulvificus in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission route

A

Morphology= G negative curved/comma shaped bacillus

Illness= acute gastroenteritis, septicemia, and severe cellulitis/hemorrhagic bullae/narcoticizing fasciitis

transmission= raw seafood or warm water

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7
Q

Describe Campylobacter jejuni in terms of morphology, culture enviroment, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology= G negative S or gull wing” shaped bacillus

Culture enviroment=microaerophilic w/ increased CO2, can grow in bile salts

Illnesses = #1 or #2 cause of gastroenteritis in N. America

Transmission=fecal oral route from undercooked chicken contaminated beef or raw milk

Treatment

  • typically no Abx just rehydrate
  • may use Abx in compromised pts or to eliminate carrier state
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8
Q

Describe Heliobacter pylori in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and dx testing

A

Morphology= G negative curved shaped bacillus

Illness= gastric ulcers likened w/ stomach Ca

Testing= Breath urease test or endoscopy/biopsy

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9
Q

Describe Salmonella in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology= G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)

Illness

  • gastroenteritis
  • Typhoid (Enteric) fever= persistent fever, headache, malaise, rose spots on skin

Transmission= contaminated food and water (poultry, reptiles or human typhoid carries)

Treatment= no Abx unless compromised pt, infants, elderly, and typhoid
- susceptibility is needed

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10
Q

In a carrier state for typhoid where do the bacteria localize

A

Gallbladder, liver, spleen, sometime bone

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11
Q

True or false Salmonella enterica is the only species we care about

A

True, only one species but multiple serotypes

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12
Q

Describe Shigella in terms of morphology, virulence, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology= G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)

Virulence= Shiga toxin (exotoxin), endotoxin, invasive enzymes

Illness
-pussy/bloody diarrhea (dysentery) caused by combo of Shigella toxin(diarrhea) and Endotoxin (pus and bleeding)

Transmission= fecal oral route, via small # of bacteria to make you sick

Treatment= rehydration and 3rd generation cephalosporin need Abx susceptibility

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13
Q

What is the most frequently isolated antigenic group of Shigella

A

Group D

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14
Q

Describe Escherichia coli in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology= G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)

Virulence= normal microbiota, but can become pathogenic from plasmid

Illness

  • UTI=75-80% of all UTIs
  • Travelers diarrhea= ETEC releases cholera like toxin, no mucus or blood
  • Hemorrhagic diarrhea= STEC and EHEC produce shiga toxin
  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome= from STEC or EHEC
  • Wound infection

Transmission= fecal contaminated meat/food like cows or chicken

Treatment= possible Abx but need susceptibility

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15
Q

Describe Yersinia enterocolitica in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route,

A

Morphology: G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)

Illness: mild bloody diarrhea (bacteria are invasive)

Transmission: contaminated pork, milk, water, fecal oral (may shed for 90days after symptoms)

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16
Q

Describe Yersinia enterocolitica in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route

A

Morphology: G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)

Illness:
-Bubonic and Pneumonic Plague (Bio threat agent)

Transmission: fleas, direct contact w/ infected tissues or oral droplets

17
Q

Illnesses associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

pneumonia and UTI

18
Q

Illnesses associated with Enterobacter spp

A

bacteremia and UTI, especially in burns pts

19
Q

Illnesses associated with Proteus spp

A

UTI and wound infections

20
Q

Illnesses associated with Providencia spp

A

burn wound infection, UTI

21
Q

Illnesses associated with Aeromonas spp

A

gastroenteritis and cellulitis

22
Q

Illnesses associated with Plesiomonas shigelloids

A

diarrhea after eating raw seafood

23
Q

Describe Legionella pneumophilia in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission route

A

Morphology: G negative bacillus

Virulence: intracellular parasite

Illness: legionella’s aka legionnaires dz

Transmission: aerosolized contaminated water, occurs in outbreaks

24
Q

Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology: G negative bacillus

Virulence: capsule, resistance to most Abx

Illness: Nosocomial wound infections and UTIs

Transmission: ubiquitous in soil

Treatment : combo Abx therapy d/t resistance

25
Q

Describe Actinobacteria baumanni in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology: G negative bacillus

Virulence: increasing Abx resistance and prolonged survival on surfaces

Illness: blast wound/traumatic wound infections

Transmission: ubiquitous in soil

Treatment: very difficult to treat because Abx resistance

26
Q

Describe Brucella melitensis and arbortus in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), and transmission route

A

Morphology: small G negative bacillus, that is very slow growing

Illness:

  • Brucellosis= undulant fever , flu like, joint and muscle pain , maybe persistent
  • Bangs dz= cows, sheep, goats only causes abortion

Transmission: unpasteurized dairy products or contact w/ infected body fluids. Human to human spread is very rare

27
Q

Describe Francisella tularensis in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology: very small G negative bacillus, slow grower,

Virulence: capsule, survives in macrophages

Illness: Tulremia

  • ulcerations
  • typhoidal
  • pneumonic (biothreat agent)

Transmission: infected tissue of rabbits, rodents, ticks, deer

Treatment:

28
Q

Describe Bordetella pertussis in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and issues

A

Morphology: G negative cocco-bacillus

Virulence: Pertussis toxin

Illness: Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Re-emerging pathogen d/t reduce immunization

29
Q

Describe Haemophilus influenzae in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and prevent

A

Morphology: G negative coccobacillus , strict obligate parasite

Virulence: Maybe part of microbiota, if pathological it has type B polysaccharide capsule

Illness:

  • Type B= fulminating meningitis (unvaccinated children or elderly) , epiglottis/laryngitis
  • Non type B= otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, PNA

Transmission:

Treatment: very affective vaccine of type B

30
Q

Describe Haemophilus ducreyi in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment

A

Morphology: G negative coccobacillus, school of fish arrangement

Illness: chancroid (STD) in asia

31
Q

Describe Bacteroides fragilis in terms of morphology, virulence, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), and treatment

A

Morphology: G negative bacillus, pleomorphic

Virulence: capsule and invasive enzymes

Illness: Most prevalent anaerobe

  • Aspiration PNA
  • Empyema
  • Deep wound abscess

Treatment: resistant to multiple Abx

Microbiology Test 3 (5 decks)

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