Gram negative bacilli Flashcards
What are the cell wall/membrane antigens associated with gram negative bacteria
O=cell wall antigen
H=flagella antigen
K= capsule antigen
Endotoxin= Lipid A
Describe Vibrio cholerae in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission rout
Morphology= G negative curved/comma shaped bacillus
Virulence= cholera toxin
Illness= massive diarrhea “rice water stools” caused by cholera toxin, minimal to no blood because bacteria are noninvasive (stay in intestine)
Transmission: ingestion of bacteria, mainly in tropical asia/india, africa, s. america
True or false few organisms are needed to be ingested to cause cholera
False= must ingest large # of bacteria to cause cholera
What is the treatment for cholera
Replacement of fluids via balanced IVF’s or oral glucose/electrolyte replacement
only use Abx for severely compromised pts
Describe Vibrio parahaemolyticus in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission route
Morphology= G negative curved/comma shaped bacillus
Illness= mild gastroenteritis
transmission= shellfish in Asian pacific costal waters, rare in US
Describe Vibrio vulvificus in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission route
Morphology= G negative curved/comma shaped bacillus
Illness= acute gastroenteritis, septicemia, and severe cellulitis/hemorrhagic bullae/narcoticizing fasciitis
transmission= raw seafood or warm water
Describe Campylobacter jejuni in terms of morphology, culture enviroment, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment
Morphology= G negative S or gull wing” shaped bacillus
Culture enviroment=microaerophilic w/ increased CO2, can grow in bile salts
Illnesses = #1 or #2 cause of gastroenteritis in N. America
Transmission=fecal oral route from undercooked chicken contaminated beef or raw milk
Treatment
- typically no Abx just rehydrate
- may use Abx in compromised pts or to eliminate carrier state
Describe Heliobacter pylori in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and dx testing
Morphology= G negative curved shaped bacillus
Illness= gastric ulcers likened w/ stomach Ca
Testing= Breath urease test or endoscopy/biopsy
Describe Salmonella in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment
Morphology= G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)
Illness
- gastroenteritis
- Typhoid (Enteric) fever= persistent fever, headache, malaise, rose spots on skin
Transmission= contaminated food and water (poultry, reptiles or human typhoid carries)
Treatment= no Abx unless compromised pt, infants, elderly, and typhoid
- susceptibility is needed
In a carrier state for typhoid where do the bacteria localize
Gallbladder, liver, spleen, sometime bone
True or false Salmonella enterica is the only species we care about
True, only one species but multiple serotypes
Describe Shigella in terms of morphology, virulence, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment
Morphology= G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)
Virulence= Shiga toxin (exotoxin), endotoxin, invasive enzymes
Illness
-pussy/bloody diarrhea (dysentery) caused by combo of Shigella toxin(diarrhea) and Endotoxin (pus and bleeding)
Transmission= fecal oral route, via small # of bacteria to make you sick
Treatment= rehydration and 3rd generation cephalosporin need Abx susceptibility
What is the most frequently isolated antigenic group of Shigella
Group D
Describe Escherichia coli in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment
Morphology= G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)
Virulence= normal microbiota, but can become pathogenic from plasmid
Illness
- UTI=75-80% of all UTIs
- Travelers diarrhea= ETEC releases cholera like toxin, no mucus or blood
- Hemorrhagic diarrhea= STEC and EHEC produce shiga toxin
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome= from STEC or EHEC
- Wound infection
Transmission= fecal contaminated meat/food like cows or chicken
Treatment= possible Abx but need susceptibility
Describe Yersinia enterocolitica in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route,
Morphology: G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)
Illness: mild bloody diarrhea (bacteria are invasive)
Transmission: contaminated pork, milk, water, fecal oral (may shed for 90days after symptoms)
Describe Yersinia enterocolitica in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route
Morphology: G negative bacillus (Enterobacteriaceae family)
Illness:
-Bubonic and Pneumonic Plague (Bio threat agent)
Transmission: fleas, direct contact w/ infected tissues or oral droplets
Illnesses associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae
pneumonia and UTI
Illnesses associated with Enterobacter spp
bacteremia and UTI, especially in burns pts
Illnesses associated with Proteus spp
UTI and wound infections
Illnesses associated with Providencia spp
burn wound infection, UTI
Illnesses associated with Aeromonas spp
gastroenteritis and cellulitis
Illnesses associated with Plesiomonas shigelloids
diarrhea after eating raw seafood
Describe Legionella pneumophilia in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and transmission route
Morphology: G negative bacillus
Virulence: intracellular parasite
Illness: legionella’s aka legionnaires dz
Transmission: aerosolized contaminated water, occurs in outbreaks
Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment
Morphology: G negative bacillus
Virulence: capsule, resistance to most Abx
Illness: Nosocomial wound infections and UTIs
Transmission: ubiquitous in soil
Treatment : combo Abx therapy d/t resistance
Describe Actinobacteria baumanni in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment
Morphology: G negative bacillus
Virulence: increasing Abx resistance and prolonged survival on surfaces
Illness: blast wound/traumatic wound infections
Transmission: ubiquitous in soil
Treatment: very difficult to treat because Abx resistance
Describe Brucella melitensis and arbortus in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), and transmission route
Morphology: small G negative bacillus, that is very slow growing
Illness:
- Brucellosis= undulant fever , flu like, joint and muscle pain , maybe persistent
- Bangs dz= cows, sheep, goats only causes abortion
Transmission: unpasteurized dairy products or contact w/ infected body fluids. Human to human spread is very rare
Describe Francisella tularensis in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), transmission route, and treatment
Morphology: very small G negative bacillus, slow grower,
Virulence: capsule, survives in macrophages
Illness: Tulremia
- ulcerations
- typhoidal
- pneumonic (biothreat agent)
Transmission: infected tissue of rabbits, rodents, ticks, deer
Treatment:
Describe Bordetella pertussis in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, and issues
Morphology: G negative cocco-bacillus
Virulence: Pertussis toxin
Illness: Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Re-emerging pathogen d/t reduce immunization
Describe Haemophilus influenzae in terms of morphology, virulence factors, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and prevent
Morphology: G negative coccobacillus , strict obligate parasite
Virulence: Maybe part of microbiota, if pathological it has type B polysaccharide capsule
Illness:
- Type B= fulminating meningitis (unvaccinated children or elderly) , epiglottis/laryngitis
- Non type B= otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, PNA
Transmission:
Treatment: very affective vaccine of type B
Describe Haemophilus ducreyi in terms of morphology, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe, transmission route, and treatment
Morphology: G negative coccobacillus, school of fish arrangement
Illness: chancroid (STD) in asia
Describe Bacteroides fragilis in terms of morphology, virulence, major illnesses associated w/ the microbe (include signs/symptoms), and treatment
Morphology: G negative bacillus, pleomorphic
Virulence: capsule and invasive enzymes
Illness: Most prevalent anaerobe
- Aspiration PNA
- Empyema
- Deep wound abscess
Treatment: resistant to multiple Abx
